棉花高产和磷高效的磷肥基施追施配合技术研究

李青军; 张炎; 哈丽哈什·依巴提; 冯固

doi:10.11674/zwyf.17156

棉花高产和磷高效的磷肥基施追施配合技术研究

Basal and topdressing application technology of phosphate fertilizer for high cotton yield and high phosphorous efficiency in Xinjiang

摘要

摘要:
目的本文比较了不同磷肥基施、追施比例对棉花生物量、产量及养分吸收的影响，以优化新疆膜下滴灌棉花的磷肥施用技术。
方法 2009—2011年连续三年进行了田间试验。试验共设3个处理：不施磷肥，磷肥全部基施，磷肥滴灌追施 (2009、2010年为磷肥50%基施和50%滴灌追施，2011年为磷肥65%基施和35%滴灌追施)，追施的磷肥分2次在棉花蕾期和初花期随水施入。各处理的氮、钾肥用量相同，氮肥全部滴灌追施，钾肥全部基施。棉花成熟期测定了棉株生物量、籽棉产量和磷肥的利用率。
结果施用磷肥显著提高了棉花地上部生物量，与不施磷肥相比，磷肥基施显著增加了棉花的叶、茎、籽和纤维的生物量，分别增加15%、9%、9%和11%，磷肥滴灌追施显著增加了叶、茎、壳、籽和纤维的生物量，分别增加21%、23%、21%、12%和13%。施用磷肥能够显著提高棉花产量，与不施磷肥相比，磷肥全部基施籽棉平均增产8%，磷肥滴灌追施籽棉平均增产13%，而磷肥滴灌追施的产量比磷肥全部基施提高5%。施用磷肥显著增加了棉花的磷素吸收量，磷肥全部基施的磷肥平均利用率为18%，而磷肥滴灌追施的磷肥平均利用率为23%。磷肥35%滴灌追施的增产率和磷肥利用率分别为18%和24%，50%滴灌追施处理两者分别为11%和22%。
结论与不施磷肥相比，磷肥全部基施与部分磷肥滴灌追施都能显著提高棉花生物量和产量，增加磷素吸收量，而磷肥部分滴灌追施的效果优于磷肥全部基施，磷肥65%基施和35%滴灌追施的增产效果好于50%基施和50%滴灌追施。

Abstract:
Objectives Different basal and topdressing ratios of phosphate fertilizer were attempted on cotton in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in order to optimize the phosphate fertilization suitable for the widely extended fertigation under plastic mulching technology.
Methods Three treatments were set up including no phosphorus fertilizer, all phosphorus fertilizer basal applied, and basal plus fertigation. 50% of phosphorus was applied with drip irrigation in 2009 and 2010, and 35% in 2011. Phosphorus fertigation was conducted in bud stage and early flowering stage of cotton. All nitrogen was applied with drip irrigation and all potassium fertilizer was used as basal application. The cotton biomass, yield and phosphorus contents were determined in maturity stage of cotton.
Results The application of phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the aboveground biomass of cotton. Compared with control, the biomass of leaf, stem, seed and fiber of cotton were significantly increased by 15%, 9%, 9% and 11% with basal treatment, and those of leaf, stem, shell, seed and fiber of cotton by 21%, 23%, 21%, 12% and 13% with fertigation treatment, respectively; the average seed cotton yield of 3 years was increased by 8% with basal treatment and 13% with fertigation, and the average yield of fertigation treatment was 5% higher than that of basal treatment. Phosphate application significantly increased phosphorus uptake of cotton. The use efficiency of phosphate fertilizer at basal treatment was 18%, and that at fertigation treatment was 23%. The yield increase and phosphate utilization rate of 35% phosphorus fertilizer was applied with drip irrigation were 18% and 24% respectively, and those were 11% and 22% in treatment with drip irrigation topdressing ratio of 50%.
Conclusions Application of phosphorus fertilizer could significantly increase the cotton aboveground biomass and yield, and increase the phosphorus absorption of cotton. The effect of phosphorus fertigation is better than that of all phosphate fertilizer basal applied. The yield increase effect of 65% phosphate fertilizer applied as basal and 35% as drip irrigation was better than that of drip irrigation topdressing ratio of 50% phosphate fertilizer.

HTML全文

参考文献(19)

施引文献

资源附件(0)