• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
孟繁昊, 高聚林, 于晓芳, 王志刚, 胡树平, 青格尔, 孙继颖, 屈佳伟. 生物炭配施氮肥改善表层土壤生物化学性状研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5): 1214-1226. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18154
引用本文: 孟繁昊, 高聚林, 于晓芳, 王志刚, 胡树平, 青格尔, 孙继颖, 屈佳伟. 生物炭配施氮肥改善表层土壤生物化学性状研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(5): 1214-1226. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18154
MENG Fan-hao, GAO Ju-lin, YU Xiao-fang, WANG Zhi-gang, HU Shu-ping, QING Ge-er, SUN Ji-ying, QU Jia-wei. Inprovent of biochemical property of surface soil by combined application of biochar with nitrogen fertilizer[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1214-1226. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18154
Citation: MENG Fan-hao, GAO Ju-lin, YU Xiao-fang, WANG Zhi-gang, HU Shu-ping, QING Ge-er, SUN Ji-ying, QU Jia-wei. Inprovent of biochemical property of surface soil by combined application of biochar with nitrogen fertilizer[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(5): 1214-1226. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18154

生物炭配施氮肥改善表层土壤生物化学性状研究

Inprovent of biochemical property of surface soil by combined application of biochar with nitrogen fertilizer

  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨生物炭配施氮肥对土壤碳氮、生物学性质及春玉米产量的影响,阐明生物炭配施氮肥后,土壤碳氮含量及生化性质变化规律,旨在为合理培肥、改善土壤环境、增加春玉米产量提供科学依据。
    方法 在内蒙古西部 (包头) 和东部 (通辽) 2个试验点进行大田试验,设生物炭用量0、8、16、24 t/hm2 4个水平 (分别记作C0、C8、C16、C24) ,设施氮量 0、150、300 kg/hm2 3个水平 (分别记作N0、N150、N300) ,于成熟期测产,并于收获后分3个土层 (0—10 cm、10—20 cm、20—40 cm) 测定土壤碳氮含量、微生物量及酶活性。
    结果 生物炭和氮肥对2个试验点0—10 cm、10—20 cm和20—40 cm土层有机碳、碳氮比、微生物量及酶活性均有极显著影响 (P < 0.01) ,且两者交互作用极显著。3个土层有机碳含量以及0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层全氮含量在各施氮水平随生物炭施用量的增加而增加。施加生物炭和氮肥均能显著提高3个土层的微生物量碳、微生物量氮、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性以及总体酶活参数,且随炭、氮施入量的增加呈先增后减的趋势;施用生物炭后0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层的微生物量碳、微生物量氮以及蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均显著高于20—40 cm土层。生物炭配施氮肥可显著提高春玉米穗粒数、百粒重及产量,2试验点产量均以C8N150最大,包头和通辽分别为15.51 t/hm2和16.43 t/hm2。通过相关分析可知,春玉米产量主要与0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层的微生物量及酶活性有关。
    结论 适量生物炭配施氮肥能够增加土壤碳氮储量、微生物量和酶活性,改善土壤微生态环境。炭氮配施能够提高土壤肥力,减少氮肥用量,本试验中以8 t/hm2生物炭配施150 kg/hm2氮肥为最佳施肥量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of combined application of biochar with nitrogen (N) fertilizer on soil carbon and nitrogen, biological property and spring maize yield, to elucidate the changing rule of soil carbon (C) and N content and the biological character by combined application of biochar with N fertilizer, providing a scientific basis for reasonable fertilization, improving soil environment and increasing spring maize yield.
    Methods Field experiments were conducted in the west (Baotou) and east (Tongliao) region of Inner Mongolia. There were four biochar rates as 0, 8, 16, 24 t/hm2 (expressed as C0, C8, C16, C24, respectively) and three N rates of 0, 150, 300 kg/hm2 (expressed as N0, N150, N300, respectively). Soil C, N content, microbial biomass and enzyme activity of three soil layers (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm) and maize yield were tested at harvest.
    Results Biochar and N fertilizer application significantly affected the organic carbon, C/N ratio, microorganism quantity and enzyme activity of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers (P < 0.01), and their interaction was also significant in two experimental sites. With the increase of biochar application rate, organic C in three soil layers and total N in 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers were gradually increased in two sites. Applying biochar and N fertilizer could significantly improve microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, sucrase activity, urease activity, catalase activity, total enzyme activity index in the three soil layers, and had the trend of increase first, then decrease with the increase of biochar and N application rates. The microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N and sucrose enzyme and urease activity in the 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers were significantly higher than those in the 20–40 cm soil layer. N fertilizer and biochar could significantly increase grain number per cob, 100-seed weight and the yield of spring maize in Baotou and Tongliao. The maximum yield of 15.51 t/hm2 and 16.43 t/hm2 in Baotou and Tongliao, respectively, was from the treatment of C8N150. According to the correlation analysis, spring maize yield was mainly related to the microbial biomass and enzyme activity in 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil layers.
    Conclusions The appropriate rate of biochar combined with N fertilizer could increase the soil carbon and nitrogen reserves, microbial biomass and enzyme activity in Inner Mongolia, improve the soil micro-ecological environment, and finally increase the yield of spring maize. Combined application of biochar and N fertilizer could improve soil fertility and reduce chemical fertilizer input. From this experiment, the optimal combination was 8 t/hm2 of biochar and 150 kg/hm2 of N fertilizer.

     

/

返回文章
返回