• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
杨云马, 孙彦铭, 贾良良, 孟春香, 贾树龙. 氮肥基施深度对夏玉米产量、 氮素利用及氮残留的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 830-837. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14409
引用本文: 杨云马, 孙彦铭, 贾良良, 孟春香, 贾树龙. 氮肥基施深度对夏玉米产量、 氮素利用及氮残留的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(3): 830-837. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14409
YANG Yun-ma, SUN Yan-ming, JIA Liang-liang, MENG Chun-xiang, JIA Shu-long. Effect of base nitrogen application depth on summer maize yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen residue[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 830-837. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14409
Citation: YANG Yun-ma, SUN Yan-ming, JIA Liang-liang, MENG Chun-xiang, JIA Shu-long. Effect of base nitrogen application depth on summer maize yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen residue[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(3): 830-837. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14409

氮肥基施深度对夏玉米产量、 氮素利用及氮残留的影响

Effect of base nitrogen application depth on summer maize yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and nitrogen residue

  • 摘要: 【目的】研究华北平原区底施氮肥深度对夏玉米产量、 氮素吸收量、 氮肥利用率以及氮素在土壤中残留的影响,以期为夏玉米的氮肥施用提供依据。【方法】采用小区试验和15N示踪试验的方法。小区试验设对照(CK),常规垄侧施氮(T-side),垄内8 cm深(T-8)、 16 cm深(T-16)、 24 cm深(T-24)施氮和垄内3层施氮(T-all)6个处理,养分施用量为N 180 kg/hm2,P2O5 120 kg/hm2,K2O 150 kg/hm2。示踪试验采用原位原状土柱法,设3个处理: 15N尿素施在8 cm深,另两层16 cm、 24 cm施用普通尿素(N8); 15N尿素施在16 cm深,另两层8 cm、 24 cm施用普通尿素(N16); 15N尿素施在24 cm深,另两层8 cm、 16 cm施用普通尿素(N24); 养分用量与小区试验相同。【结果】大田试验结果表明,T-all处理的玉米产量最高,比T-24提高了8.45%,达显著水平; T-all、 T-8、 T-16处理的夏玉米产量均高于T-side,分别比T-side提高了6.65%、 3.29%和5.43%,所有施肥处理中以T-24的玉米产量最低。玉米各生育期的氮素吸收量也以T-24处理最低; 与T-side处理相比,T-all处理的玉米氮吸收量在吐丝以前偏低,收获时稍高。夏玉米带状施肥主要影响垄内(施肥部位)土壤碱解氮含量,对垄间(非施肥带)土壤碱解氮含量影响不大; 与T-16、 T-24深层施氮相比,T-side、 T-8浅层施氮处理显著提高了玉米生育前期垄内表层土壤的碱解氮含量。示踪试验结果表明,施于8 cm、 16 cm、 24 cm的氮素利用率分别为37.24%、 31.33%、 18.75%。玉米收获后0100 cm土层N24处理的氮素残留量显著高于N8和N16处理,并且N24处理的氮素残留主要分布在4080 cm土层。【结论】本区域夏玉米底施尿素的适宜深度为816 cm。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Effects of base nitrogen application depth on summer maize yield, fertilizer nitrogen uptake and fertilizer nitrogen utilization efficiency(NUE) as well as the fertilizer nitrogen residue in soil were studied in Northern China Plain area.【Methods】 This study was carried out through a plot experiment and a simulated experiment using 15N labeled urea. Six treatments were designed for the plot experiment, CK, row-side N application(T-side), N application depth of 8 cm (T-8), 16 cm (T-16), 24 cm (T-24) and all above the depths (T-all) in rows. The doses of N, P2O5 and K2O were 180 kg/hm2, 120 kg/hm2 and 150 kg/hm2respectively. The tracing experiment was conducted in situ and undisturbed soil columns in the field, and three treatments were designed, 15N labeled urea was applied at 8 cm in depth, common urea was applied at 16 cm and 24 cm (N8); 15N labeled urea was applied at 16 cm in depth, common urea was applied at 8 cm and 24 cm (N16); 15N labeled urea was applied at 24 cm in depth, common urea was applied at 8 cm and 16 cm (N24). The nutrition doses are the same as plot experiment. 【Results】The plot experiment results show that the maize yield under T-all is the highest, which is significantly higher than that under T-24. Compared with the T-side treatment, the maize yields of T-all, T-8, and T-16 are increased by 6.65%, 3.29% and 5.43% respectively. The maize yield under the T-24 treatment is the lowest among all fertilizer treatments. The nitrogen uptake under the T-24 treatment is the lowest at the maize growth stages among all fertilizer treatments. Compared with the T-side treatment, the nitrogen uptakes under the T-all treatment are lower at the silking stage and higher at the harvest time. The band fertilization method mainly affects the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in ridge (fertilization position), but little effect between ridges(non-fertilization position) is found. The surface soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen contents in the seed row are significantly increased under the T-side and T-8 treatments, compared with T-16 and T-24. The tracing experiment results show that the NUEs of urea at application depths of 8 cm, 16 cm and 24 cm are 37.24%, 31.33% and 18.75% respectively. After the maize harvest, the N residual in the 0-100 cm soil layer under the N24 treatment is significantly higher than those of the N8 and N16 treatments. The residual N is mostly in 40-80 cm soil layer under the N24 treatment.【Conclusions】 The suitable depth of base application urea is 8-16 cm for the summer maize in the region.

     

/

返回文章
返回