• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
邱超, 胡承孝, 谭启玲, 孙学成, 郑苍松, 苏少康, 胡育化, 赵四清, 陈健民. 钙、 硼对常山胡柚叶片养分、 果实产量及品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(2): 459-467. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14381
引用本文: 邱超, 胡承孝, 谭启玲, 孙学成, 郑苍松, 苏少康, 胡育化, 赵四清, 陈健民. 钙、 硼对常山胡柚叶片养分、 果实产量及品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(2): 459-467. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14381
QIU Chao, HU Cheng-xiao, TAN Qi-ling, SUN Xue-cheng, ZHENG Cang-song, SU Shao-kang, HU Yu-hua, ZHAO Si-qing, CHEN Jian-min. Effects of calcium and boron on leaf nutrition, fruit yield and quality of Changshanhuyou (Citrus changshanensis)[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(2): 459-467. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14381
Citation: QIU Chao, HU Cheng-xiao, TAN Qi-ling, SUN Xue-cheng, ZHENG Cang-song, SU Shao-kang, HU Yu-hua, ZHAO Si-qing, CHEN Jian-min. Effects of calcium and boron on leaf nutrition, fruit yield and quality of Changshanhuyou (Citrus changshanensis)[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(2): 459-467. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14381

钙、 硼对常山胡柚叶片养分、 果实产量及品质的影响

Effects of calcium and boron on leaf nutrition, fruit yield and quality of Changshanhuyou (Citrus changshanensis)

  • 摘要: 【目的】研究叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节性变化,对探明植物体中营养元素的丰缺状况、 调控养分代谢、 提高果实产量和改善品质具有重要意义。本研究结合常山胡柚园土壤养分状况,通过连续4年施用钙肥和硼肥,研究钙、 硼对常山胡柚叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节变化、 果实产量及品质的影响。【方法】采用田间定位试验,以13年生枳砧常山胡柚为试验材料,设4个处理,1)CK(对照); 2)Ca(每株0.5 kg生石灰粉); 3)B(每株25 g 硼砂); 4)Ca+B(每株0.5 kg生石灰粉+ 25 g 硼砂)。于试验的第4年采集常山胡柚不同生长期当年生春梢叶片及成熟期果实样品,并对常山胡柚叶片矿质营养元素含量的季节变化、 果实品质进行分析。【结果】常山胡柚叶片各矿质养分在果实逐渐成熟过程中总体呈现先增后降的变化规律,其中叶片氮(N)、 钾(K)、 镁(Mg)和锌(Zn)在果实坐果期达到最大值,磷(P)在果实膨大前中期(8月份)到达最大值,钙(Ca)、 硼(B)、 铁(Fe)、 锰(Mn)和铜(Cu)在果实膨大后期(9月份)出现最高值。钙、 硼肥施用均可提高常山胡柚果实各发育时期叶片Ca、 B、 N、 K、 Fe、 Mn和Cu含量,但明显抑制叶片Zn的吸收,其中钙、 硼配施对成熟叶片(8~9月份)Ca含量存在显著正交互效应,但对提高叶片B含量无显著交互作用。施钙、 硼肥可不同程度提高常山胡柚2年平均产量,增产率达到1.8%~21.4%,其中各处理增产率顺序为Ca+B>B≥Ca,且单施硼可显著提高2年累积产量,钙硼配施对单年产量、 2年平均产量均存在显著正交互效应。钙、 硼肥单施对果实品质无显著性影响,但钙硼配施可显著降低可滴定酸含量,显著提高固酸比。【结论】常山胡柚坐果期(4月份)为叶片N、 P、 K、 Mg和Zn吸收的关键时期,果实膨大期(8~9月份)为叶片Ca、 B、 Fe、 Mn和Cu吸收的重要时期。钙、 硼配施既可明显提高常山胡柚叶片中矿质营养元素含量(P和Zn除外),又能显著提高果实产量和品质。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】Studies on seasonal changes of nutrient elements contents in leaves are very important for investigating surplus-deficit status of plant nutrient elements and regulation of nutrient metabolism, and improving fruit yield and quality. We conducted a consecutive four-year field experiment to investigate the effects of calcium and boron fertilizers application on leaf nutrition, fruit yield and quality of Changshanhuyou.【Methods】The field experiment was conducted during 2010-2013 in 13-year-old trees of Changshanhuyou grafted on trifoliate orangePoncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. in a commercial orchard in the Changshan Country, Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province of China. There were four treatments, 1) no chemical fertilizer (CK), 2) soil Ca application (0.5 kg calcium oxide per tree), 3) soil B application (25 g sodium borate per tree), and 4) soil Ca + B application (0.5 kg calcium oxide + 25 g sodium borate per tree). We sampled leaves located at the second or third position from the spring branch tip at different growth stages and fruits at the maturity stage, and analyzed the seasonal changes of mineral nutrient contents in leaves and the fruit quality.【Results】The contents of mineral elements in leaves are increased at the beginning and then declined in the entire period of fruit maturity. The contents of N, K, Mg and Zn reach their peaks at the stage of fruit set, and the P peak is at the fruit enlargement and the peaks of Ca, B, Fe, Mn and Cu are at the fruit swelling. The application of calcium or boron fertilizer improves the contents of Ca, B, N, K, Fe, Mn and Cu, and reduces the Zn content significantly. The interaction between Ca and B remarkably increases the Ca content in leaves in August and September. The average fruit yield for the 2 years is increased by 1.8%-21.4% in presence of different fertilizers, and the increased yields are in order: Ca+B>B≥Ca. The accumulation yield for the 2 years of the B applied alone is significantly higher than that of the control and the combined application of Ca and B (Ca+B) could dramatically improve the yield. Ca, B applied alone have no significant effect on fruit quality, but Ca+B improves the ratio of soluble solid content to titration acid, and reduces titratable acid significantly.【Conclusions】 N, P, K, Mg and Zn are the main elements in absorption at the fruit-set phase, and elements such as Ca, B, Fe, Mn and Cu are mainly absorbed at the fruit enlargement stage. The combined application of Ca and B improves leaf mineral elements contents (except P and Zn), fruit yield and quality.

     

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