• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
杨尚东, 李荣坦, 谭宏伟, 周柳强, 谢如林, 黄金生. 长期单施化肥和有机无机配合条件下红壤蔗区土壤生物学性状及细菌多样性差异[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(4): 1024-1030. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15506
引用本文: 杨尚东, 李荣坦, 谭宏伟, 周柳强, 谢如林, 黄金生. 长期单施化肥和有机无机配合条件下红壤蔗区土壤生物学性状及细菌多样性差异[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(4): 1024-1030. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15506
YANG Shang-dong, LI Rong-tan, TAN Hong-wei, ZHOU Liu-qiang, XIE Ru-lin, HUANG Jin-sheng. Differences of soil biological characteristics and bacterial diversity of sugarcane fields in red soil region affected by long-term single chemical fertilization and chemical organic combined application[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(4): 1024-1030. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15506
Citation: YANG Shang-dong, LI Rong-tan, TAN Hong-wei, ZHOU Liu-qiang, XIE Ru-lin, HUANG Jin-sheng. Differences of soil biological characteristics and bacterial diversity of sugarcane fields in red soil region affected by long-term single chemical fertilization and chemical organic combined application[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(4): 1024-1030. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.15506

长期单施化肥和有机无机配合条件下红壤蔗区土壤生物学性状及细菌多样性差异

Differences of soil biological characteristics and bacterial diversity of sugarcane fields in red soil region affected by long-term single chemical fertilization and chemical organic combined application

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析红壤区长期施肥的蔗区土壤生物学性状和细菌多样性,旨在提出提升红壤蔗区土壤肥力与健康的施肥方案。【方法】试验从1995年开始,于广西来宾市蒙村镇那洪村甘蔗长期试验站进行。试验设置不施肥(CK)、 长期单一施用化肥(NPK)和长期化肥配施有机肥(NPKM)3个处理。采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)以及稀释平板法等传统和现代分析技术,比较分析了3种长期不同施肥处理对蔗区土壤生物学指标、 细菌多样性等指示土壤肥力与健康状况指标的影响。【结果】施肥处理导致甘蔗产区土壤pH下降,NPK处理下降幅度大于NPKM处理。土壤中可培养微生物数量(细菌、 真菌和放线菌)均以NPKM处理为最高,NPK处理真菌数量显著高于CK,放线菌数量却显著低于CK土壤,细菌数量两者间无显著差异。微生物量碳、 氮以及涉及碳、 氮、 磷循环的土壤酶活性均以NPKM处理土壤为最高,与NPK和CK土壤差异显著。NPK处理土壤中β-葡糖苷酶活性以及微生物量碳高于CK土壤,但蛋白酶、 磷酸酶活性以及微生物量氮显著低于CK土壤。NPKM处理土壤中细菌多样性指数(H)、 丰富度(S)以及均匀度(EH)指数等同样表征土壤肥力与质量的敏感指标均高于NPK和CK土壤。【结论】长期施肥可不同程度地导致红壤蔗区土壤pH下降,长期单一施用化肥处理下降幅度高于化肥与有机肥配施处理。长期单一施用化肥加剧了土壤肥力下降与质量劣化,化肥配施有机肥是减缓红壤甘蔗产区土壤pH下降、 提升土壤肥力和保持土壤健康的有效措施。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Study on the soil biological characteristics and bacterial diversity of soils affected by long-term fertilization will provide support for the sustainable development of sugarcane industry in Guangxi Province, 【Methods】 Long-term experiment started since 1995 in Laibin county, Guangxi Province. Three treatments include no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer only (NPK) and chemical fertilizer plus organic fertilizer (NPKM). Soil microorganisms were analyzed by using PCR-DGGE and dilution plate methods. 【Results】 The soil pH shows decreasing in the three treatments, particularly in the NPK treatment. The numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were the highest in the NPKM treatment, which were significant higher than in the NPK and CK treatments. The number of cultivable actinomycetes in NPK treatment was significantly lower than in the CK, and there was no significant difference in numbers of bacteria and fungi between the NPK and CK. The activities of soil β-Glucosidase, phosphatase and protease were the highest in the NPKM treatment, and its biomass C and biomass N showed the highest as well. The activities of protease and phosphatase, and the biomass N in the NPK treatment were all lower than in CK. The bacterial diversity index, richness and evenness were all higher in the NPKM treatment. 【Conclusions】 The soil pH is easily declined by the input of fertilizers, particularly under the long-term single chemical fertilizer use. The long-term chemical fertilization may also result in low biodiversity and low activities of nutrient supply related enzymes in soil, leading to soil fertility decline and soil degradation. Conversely, the long-term combination use of chemical fertilizer and manure is effective in slowing the soil pH decline, improving soil fertility and ecological quality in sugarcane fields of red soil regions in Guangxi Province, China.

     

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