• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
宋燕燕, 赵秀娟, 张淑香, 白中科, 龙怀玉, 岳继生, 赵来明. 水肥一体化配合硝化/脲酶抑制剂实现油菜减氮增效研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(3): 632-640. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16162
引用本文: 宋燕燕, 赵秀娟, 张淑香, 白中科, 龙怀玉, 岳继生, 赵来明. 水肥一体化配合硝化/脲酶抑制剂实现油菜减氮增效研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(3): 632-640. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16162
SONG Yan-yan, ZHAO Xiu-juan, ZHANG Shu-xiang, BAI Zhong-ke, LONG Huai-yu, YUE Ji-sheng, ZHAO Lai-ming. Reducing nitrogen input and improving yield and quality of rape through combination of fertigation and nitrification/urease inhibitor addition[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(3): 632-640. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16162
Citation: SONG Yan-yan, ZHAO Xiu-juan, ZHANG Shu-xiang, BAI Zhong-ke, LONG Huai-yu, YUE Ji-sheng, ZHAO Lai-ming. Reducing nitrogen input and improving yield and quality of rape through combination of fertigation and nitrification/urease inhibitor addition[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(3): 632-640. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16162

水肥一体化配合硝化/脲酶抑制剂实现油菜减氮增效研究

Reducing nitrogen input and improving yield and quality of rape through combination of fertigation and nitrification/urease inhibitor addition

  • 摘要:
    目的研究水肥一体化方式下减氮施肥并添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂对油菜生长及土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量的影响,旨在筛选出配合硝化/脲酶抑制剂施用的最适减氮量,为减少氮素损失、提高蔬菜生产中氮素利用率和降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量提供理论依据。
    方法采用盆栽试验,利用负压灌溉水肥一体化系统 (–5 ± 1) kPa,设不施氮肥 (T1)、尿素 150 kg/hm2 (T2)、尿素 150 kg/hm2 + 10%DCD (双氰胺) + 1%HQ (氢醌)(T3)、尿素 127.5 kg/hm2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ (T4)、尿素 105 kg/hm2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ (T5) 共 5 个处理。监测了油菜生长期间供水量、土壤含水量、油菜生长指标及土壤硝态氮与铵态氮含量的变化,分析调查了收获后油菜的产量、品质指标和养分含量。
    结果在油菜生长期间,负压灌溉各处理的总出水量非常接近 (12174~13869 mL)。当施肥量相同时,与不添加抑制剂处理 (T2) 相比,施用硝化和脲酶抑制剂 (T3) 能够有效抑制土壤中铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,提高叶长、叶宽和叶绿素含量,显著提高油菜产量 25.2%,提高氮肥利用率 85.2%,硝酸盐含量显著降低 51.9%。与不添加抑制剂处理 (T2) 相比,减氮 15%~30% 同时添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂对油菜产量、品质、养分吸收也均有不同程度的促进效果,并能够抑制硝化作用,减少土壤中硝态氮累积,减氮 30% 并添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂的处理 (T5) 能将油菜产量提高 15.9%,氮、磷、钾含量分别提高 8.4%、21.5% 和 27.8%,氮肥利用率提高 1.26 倍,油菜体内硝酸盐含量降低 66.6%。
    结论适当减氮并添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂对油菜产量和养分吸收均有明显的促进效果,而且能减少油菜硝酸盐含量和土壤中硝态氮累积。在本试验负压水肥一体化条件下,减氮 30% 并添加硝化和脲酶抑制剂,即尿素 105 kg/hm2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ 不仅效果最佳,还降低了因氮肥投入高而造成硝酸盐累积的风险。

     

    Abstract:
    ObjectivesThe paper was aimed at the selection of the optimum reduction of nitrogen with nitrification and urease inhibitors application, to provide theoretical basis for reducing nitrogen losses, improving nitrogen use efficiencies and reducing nitrate contents in vegetables with fertigation management.
    MethodsA pot experiment was carried out using negative pressure irrigation (–5 ± 1) kPa method. Five treatments were set up as: no N (T1), urea 150 kg/hm2 (T2), urea 150 kg/hm2 + 10%DCD (dicyandiamide) + 1%HQ (hydroquinone) (T3), urea 127.5 kg/hm2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ (T4), and urea 105 kg/hm2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ (T5). Water supply amounts, soil moisture contents, rape growth indicators, soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen contents during the period of rape growth were analyzed, and the yield, quality, nutrient content of rape after the harvest were determined. The optimum formula was acquired through comprehensive analysis.
    ResultsDuring the rape growth, the total water yield amounts were very close among the treatments (12174–13869 mL). In the condition of the same fertilizing amount, compared with the no inhibitor added treatment (T2), T3 could effectively inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in the soil, increase the leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll contents, promote rape plants to absorb nutrients, significantly increase the rape yield by 25.2% and nitrogen use efficiency significantly by 85.2%, and at the same time significantly reduce the nitrate content by 51.9%. Compared with the no inhibitor added treatment (T2), decreasing 15%–30% of nitrogen input rate and adding nitrification and urease inhibitors also had similar effect on rape yield, quality and nutrient absorption, and could restrain the nitrofication process and reduce nitrate accumulation in the soil. Among them, the treatment T5 improved rape yield by 15.9%, increased total N, P and K contents by 8.4%, 21.5% and 27.8%, which led to 1.26 times of increase in the nitrogen use efficiency, and 66.6% of reduce in the nitrate content in rape.
    ConclusionsUnder the condition of negative pressure irrigation, moderate reduction of nitrogen with addition of nitrification and urease inhibitors have obvious promoting effect on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rape, and reducing effect on the nitrate content of rape and soil nitrate accumulation. Under the experimental condition, urea 105 kg/hm2 + 10%DCD + 1%HQ, reducing 30% of nitrogen with addition of 10%DCD and 1%HQ shows the best effect, reducing the risks of nitrate accumulation caused by high nitrogen input at the same time.

     

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