• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
张亚飞, 罗静静, 彭福田*, 王国栋, 郜怀峰. 黄腐酸钾与化肥控释袋促进桃树生长及氮肥吸收利用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(4): 998-1005. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16473
引用本文: 张亚飞, 罗静静, 彭福田*, 王国栋, 郜怀峰. 黄腐酸钾与化肥控释袋促进桃树生长及氮肥吸收利用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(4): 998-1005. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16473
ZHANG Ya-fei, LUO Jing-jing, PENG Fu-tian*, WANG Guo-dong, GAO Huai-feng. Fulvic acid potassium and nutrient-controlled release paperbag enhance peach tree growth, nitrogen absorption and utilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(4): 998-1005. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16473
Citation: ZHANG Ya-fei, LUO Jing-jing, PENG Fu-tian*, WANG Guo-dong, GAO Huai-feng. Fulvic acid potassium and nutrient-controlled release paperbag enhance peach tree growth, nitrogen absorption and utilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(4): 998-1005. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.16473

黄腐酸钾与化肥控释袋促进桃树生长及氮肥吸收利用

Fulvic acid potassium and nutrient-controlled release paperbag enhance peach tree growth, nitrogen absorption and utilization

  • 摘要: 目的腐植酸和缓(控)释肥已被证明可有效减少氨挥发,提高氮肥利用率。本试验将黄腐酸钾与化肥置于纸塑复合材料制备的肥料袋内以实现肥料中养分的控制释放,以期为桃园科学高效施肥提供新的手段。方法以2年生盆栽桃京青14(毛桃嫁接苗)为试材,进行了普通化肥和15N示踪技术两个盆栽试验。在相同养分投入量和施用方法前提下,试验均设2个肥料处理:化肥(CF)、化肥加黄腐酸钾(CF+FA)。使用两种肥料袋:普通80目尼龙袋(NB,孔径0.178 mm);特制纸塑复合材料控释袋(PB,孔径为0.2 mm,微孔间距0.5 cm),共四个处理。氨挥发用静态箱内置硼酸吸收池法采集后,用0.005 mol/L H2SO4滴定;桃幼树新梢停长后,对桃树地上部生长指标进行测量;利用WinRHIZO根系扫描系统分析根系的总根长、总表面积、总体积和平均直径等数据;全氮含量用凯氏定氮法测定,15N丰度用MAT-251质谱计测定。结果 1)NB/CF+FA、PB/CF和PB/CF+FA处理能够降低氨挥发总累积量,与NB/CF相比分别降低14.4%、54.3%和63.1%;且能够降低氨挥发速率峰值并延后峰值出现的时间。2)NB/CF+FA、PB/CF和PB/CF+FA处理能够提高植株氮肥利用率和土壤中氮肥残留率,分别提高33.6%、100.5%、157.9%和8.6%、30.0%、39.8%。3)与NB/CF相比,NB/CF+FA、PB/CF和PB/CF+FA处理可以促进桃幼树的生长发育,根系的总根长、总表面积、总体积和平均直径均显著提高;根系活力分别提高6.6%、17.5%和22.7%;植株干茎增量分别提高12.2%、26.2%和41.8%;植株一级侧枝总长度分别提高16.2%、35.1%和53.6%;植株一级侧枝茎粗分别提高8.2%、20.8%和28.4%。结论与普通尼龙袋相比,黄腐酸钾与化肥置于控缓袋中,能显著减少氨挥发,增加土壤氮肥残留,提高根系活力并增加根系生物量,从而提高氮肥利用率,有利于桃树新梢生长和树势健壮。

     

    Abstract: Objectives Fulvic acid and paper bag have been proved to be effective in reducing ammonia volatilization and improving the utilization rate of nitrogen. This project studied the combined effects of special paper-bag made for nutrient-controlled release and fulvic acid potassium on peach growth, ammonia volatilization, nitrogen absorption and utilization, in order to provide an alternative fertilization method in orchard.Methods Two-year-old Jingqing14 (wild peach, Amygdalus persica Linn.) seedlings were used as materials, two pot experiments were conducted separately using common urea and 15N urea as N resource, respectively. Two fertilizer treatments of chemical fertilizer (CF) and chemical fertilizer plus fulvic acid potassium (FA), and two kinds of fertilizer containing bag treatments using common nylon bag with 0.178 mm of hole size (NB), and paper-plastic bag with 0.2 mm of pores and 0.5 cm intervals (PB) were set up. Volatilized ammonia was gathered inside a static box and titrated with 0.005 mol/L H2SO4. The above-ground growth index of the peach tree was measured after new shoots stopped growing. The total root length, the total surface area, the root volume and the average diameter were analyzed by WinRHIZO root analysis system. The total nitrogen content was detected by the micro-kjeldahl method, and the 15N abundance was detected by MAT-251 mass spectrometer.Results 1)Compared with the NB/CF treatment, the ammonia volatilization cumulant of NB/CF+FA, PB/CF and PB/CF+FA treatments were significantly reduced by 14.4%, 54.3% and 63.1% respectively. The peak rate of ammonia volatilization was reduced, and the peak time was delayed. 2) Compared with NB/CF treatment, the nitrogen utilization rates and soil nitrogen residue rates were significantly increased by 33.6%, 100.5%, 157.9% and 8.6%, 30.0%, 39.8% respectively under the treatments of NB/CF+FA, PB/CF and PB/CF+FA. 3) Compared with NB/CF treatment, NB/CF+FA, PB/CF and PB/CF+FA treatments significantly promoted the growth and development of young peach trees. The total root length, total root surface area, total root volume and average diameter were improved significantly. The root activity were increased by 6.5%, 17.5% and 22.7% respectively. The raising of trunk straight stems was increased by 12.2%, 26.2% and 41.8%. The primary lateral branch lengths were increased by 16.2%, 35.1%, 53.6% and the primary lateral branch thickness were increased by 8.2%, 20.8%, 28.4%.Conclusions When mixed with a certain amount of fulvic acid potassium and loaded inside the specific made paper-plastic bags, the ammonia volatilization from the chemical fertilizer will be reduced significantly, and the root activity and the roots biomass will be increased, consequently, the soil nitrogen retention time, the shoot growth and tree vigor will be promoted.

     

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