• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
牛新胜, 巨晓棠. 我国有机肥料资源及利用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1462-1479. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17430
引用本文: 牛新胜, 巨晓棠. 我国有机肥料资源及利用[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1462-1479. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17430
NIU Xin-sheng, JU Xiao-tang. Organic fertilizer resources and utilization in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1462-1479. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17430
Citation: NIU Xin-sheng, JU Xiao-tang. Organic fertilizer resources and utilization in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1462-1479. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17430

我国有机肥料资源及利用

Organic fertilizer resources and utilization in China

  • 摘要: 本文对近30多年来我国有机肥料资源与利用资料进行了统计概算,分析了我国有机肥料基础资源量估算结果不一致的原因。统计结果表明,当前我国有机肥料基础资源每年约57亿t实物量,其中畜禽粪尿约38亿t (鲜),人粪尿约8亿t (鲜),秸秆约10亿t (风干),绿肥约1亿t (鲜),饼肥约0.2亿t (风干)。折合N约3000万t、P2O5约1300万t和K2O约3000万t,N+P2O5+K2O养分总量约7300万t。然而,我国有机肥料资源利用率较低,主要原因包括社会、经济、政策、技术及推广等多方面。有机肥料资源收集、贮存和加工过程中养分损失严重,不仅导致其利用率低,也成为农业源环境污染的根源。发展种养结合循环农业,加强有机肥料资源收集、加工和施用各个环节的技术开发和相关设施的标准化建设是目前解决其利用问题的关键。坚持政府补助的优惠鼓励政策,推行市场主体参与运行管理,建立有机肥料资源收集、加工和利用的完整产业与利益链条是有机肥料资源化高效利用的社会、经济和政策保障。

     

    Abstract: The literatures published mainly in recent 30 years were reviewed to estimate the basic organic fertilizer resources in China, and inquire into the reasons for the huge yearly discrepancies in the amount of organic fertilizer resources. From the statistics, about 5.7 billion tons (partly in fresh and partly in air dry) of organic resources stock will be produced annually nationwide at present, of which about 3.8 billion tons from animal manure (in fresh), 0.8 billion tons from human excreta (in fresh), one billion tons coming from crop straw (in air dry), 0.1 billion tons from green manure (in fresh) and 0.02 billion tons from cake manure (in air dry), which could provide about 73 million tons of total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) with 30 million tons of N, 13 million tons of P2O5 and 30 million tons of K2O respectively. However, the huge organic resources were not fully used, the causes could be blamed on many factors including society, economy, policies, techniques and extension of technologies. The nutrient loss during collection, storage and processing of organic resources was thought one of key reasons for the low utilization of the resources and therefore the environmental pollution. The technique strategies should be concentrated on developing recycling agriculture, i.e combining the crop production with intensive breeding to create a whole benefit chain from the collection, procession to application of organic fertilizer resources. Government subsidies should be allocated to the construction of standardized facilities required for the above strategies.

     

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