• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
MA Cun-jin, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bing-qiang, ZHANG Shan-ping, FENG Hai-juan, ZHAO Jie, YANG Jin-sheng, DONG Shu-ting, ZHANG Ji-wang, ZHAO Bin. Regulation of nitrogen application rate on temporal and spatial distribution of roots and nitrogen uptake in different N use efficiency maize cultivars[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2014, 20(4): 845-859. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0406
Citation: MA Cun-jin, LIU Peng, ZHAO Bing-qiang, ZHANG Shan-ping, FENG Hai-juan, ZHAO Jie, YANG Jin-sheng, DONG Shu-ting, ZHANG Ji-wang, ZHAO Bin. Regulation of nitrogen application rate on temporal and spatial distribution of roots and nitrogen uptake in different N use efficiency maize cultivars[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2014, 20(4): 845-859. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2014.0406

Regulation of nitrogen application rate on temporal and spatial distribution of roots and nitrogen uptake in different N use efficiency maize cultivars

  • 【Objectives】The ascertain of the physiological mechanism of nitrogen nutrition of a maize cultivar is the base of choosing nitrogen high efficient cultivar with reasonable and effective temporal and spatial coupling distribution. Therefore, the development and function of root, the relationship between temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of roots and the nitrogen uptake were studied. 【Methods】Split plot experiments were conducted in 20112012 at the Technological Innovation Center of Maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Region (N3618, E11712) and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, located at Shandong Agriculture University in Taian. One high efficiency cultivar (ZD958) and one low efficiency cultivar (XQ73-1) were used and two nitrogen levels: 0 and 315 kg/ha, were designed. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of roots in the soil profile were investigated systematically and the nitrogen uptake of summer maize in different growth stages was analyzed and the accumulation amount of dry matter was calculated.【Results】All the terms investigated are significantly higher in ZD958 than in XQ73-1 throughout the whole growth stage (P0.05). The total root dry weight, root length density, root TTC reducing quantity, root absorbing area, root active absorbing area and leaf area of ZD958 are 12.02%, 8.39%, 25.34%, 34.48%, 29.22%, 7.76% and 36.74%, 24.21%, 36.29%, 29.94%, 32.83%, 13.73% higher than those of XQ73-1 at tasseling stage and fully ripening stage, respectively. The biomass, N accumulation amount, grain yield per plant of ZD958 are 11.65%, 11.78% and 15.16% higher than those of XQ73-1 at fully ripening stage, respectively. The values of all the tested terms are increased significantly due to the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Compared with corresponding N0(no N application), the total root dry weight, root length density, root TTC reducing quantity, root absorbing area, root active absorbing area, leaf area increased by 8.13%, 6.12%, 18.08%, 15.10%, 24.71%, 12.06% in ZD958 and 7.19%, 4.59%, 10.47%, 10.82%, 13.02%, 7.15% in XQ73-1 at tasseling stage, but 16.48%, 22.43%, 19.26%, 15.03%, 27.45%, 14.97% in ZD958 and 15.02%, 14.59%, 13.01%, 12.81%, 21.95%, 11.06% in XQ73-1 at fully ripening stage. The biomass, N accumulation amount, grain yield per plant were increased by 9.40%, 10.08%, 13.43% inZD958 and 5.20%, 8.56%, 9.69% in XQ73-1 at fully ripening stage. Significant positive linear correlation exists between the amount of N-uptake and the root length density, root dry weight and root active absorbing area with correlation coefficient of higher than 0.8 at all the items. The responses of root index of the two cultivars to nitrogen are different, higher response of root index in ZD958 than in XQ73-1 before anthesis stage, but lower after that. 【Conclusions】High N efficiency cultivar has larger root number and root density in deeper soil layers, more rational root distribution than low nitrogen efficiency cultivar, leading to stronger nitrogen uptake ability. Application of N intensifies the differences between the two genotype cultivars. The superiorities in root development in high nitrogen efficiency cultivar ensure the effective nitrogen uptake, delay of leaf senescence, the accumulation of dry matter, and finally higher grain yield.
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