• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
赵欢, 芶久兰, 赵伦学, 吴清英, 何佳芳, 赵平英, 王正银, 李振轮, 肖厚军. 贵州旱作耕地土壤钾素状况与钾肥效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(1): 277-285. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14276
引用本文: 赵欢, 芶久兰, 赵伦学, 吴清英, 何佳芳, 赵平英, 王正银, 李振轮, 肖厚军. 贵州旱作耕地土壤钾素状况与钾肥效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2016, 22(1): 277-285. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14276
ZHAO Huan, GOU Jiu-lan, ZHAO Lun-xue, WU Qing-ying, HE Jia-fang, ZHAO Ping-ying, WANG Zheng-yin, LI Zhen-lun, XIAO Hou-jun. Analysis on status of soil potassium and the effects of potassium fertilizer in dryland soil in Guizhou[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(1): 277-285. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14276
Citation: ZHAO Huan, GOU Jiu-lan, ZHAO Lun-xue, WU Qing-ying, HE Jia-fang, ZHAO Ping-ying, WANG Zheng-yin, LI Zhen-lun, XIAO Hou-jun. Analysis on status of soil potassium and the effects of potassium fertilizer in dryland soil in Guizhou[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2016, 22(1): 277-285. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.14276

贵州旱作耕地土壤钾素状况与钾肥效应

Analysis on status of soil potassium and the effects of potassium fertilizer in dryland soil in Guizhou

  • 摘要: 【目的】本研究在贵州省测土配方施肥试验的基础上,研究贵州主要旱作耕地长期种植玉米和马铃薯土壤钾素状况和钾肥效应,以期为不同产区玉米、 马铃薯高产的钾肥管理提供科学依据。【方法】针对贵州省106个玉米和62个马铃薯钾肥田间试验点土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量的调查及钾肥效应的研究,在无肥处理,等量氮、 磷肥基础上,选取施钾肥和不施钾肥两个处理,并结合近3年当地玉米和马铃薯产量水平和无肥处理产量确定高、 中和低产区开展土壤钾素状况调查研究,进行相应产区施钾肥和不施钾肥两个处理的钾肥效应大田试验。【结果】玉米种植区土壤速效钾和缓效钾平均含量均低于马铃薯种植区; 从玉米和马铃薯不同产量水平种植区看,玉米种植区,高、 中和低产区土壤速效钾平均含量分别为155.2、 135.1和71.0 mg/kg,按照养分丰缺指标划分,分别属于高、 中和低等水平; 缓效钾平均含量分别为249.5、 245.2和144.3 mg/kg,前两者属于高等水平,后者属于中等水平。马铃薯种植区, 高、 中和低产区土壤速效钾平均含量分别为192.6、 177.8和140.3 mg/kg,前两者属于高等水平,后者属于中等水平; 缓效钾平均含量分别为298.6、 287.4和265.5 mg/kg,均属于中等水平。玉米和马铃薯种植区相对产量(一定氮、 磷肥基础上无钾肥处理产量占施钾肥处理产量的百分数)均以高产区最大,低产区其次,中产区最低; 玉米、 马铃薯种植区钾肥增产率和钾肥农学效率均表现为中产区低产区高产区,而钾肥偏生产力为高产区中产区低产区。相关分析结果表明,玉米种植区和马铃薯种植区的土壤速效钾与缓效钾含量均呈正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.635和0.550,达极显著水平。【结论】贵州旱作耕地玉米和马铃薯种植区之间以及两作物不同产量种植区的土壤钾素状况均有较大差异,而钾肥对玉米和马铃薯的增产效果与土壤速效钾的含量和供钾水平有关。因此,在贵州旱作耕地玉米和马铃薯种植区应依据不同产区的土壤钾素状况合理施用钾肥,尤其应注重有机肥与钾肥的配合施用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objectives】 Based on soil testing and formulated fertilization in Guizhou, the capacity of supplying potassium in main dry land, in which maize and potato were cultivated for a long term, was explored and the effects of potassium fertilizer were studied as well to provide a scientific reference for high-yield potassium fertilizer management of maize and potato in different producing areas. 【Methods】 The contents of soil readily available potassium and slowly available potassium and the effects of potassium fertilizer were investigated in 106 field test points of maize and 62 points of potato in Guizhou. No fertilizer treatment and treatments of potassium fertilizer and no potassium fertilizer with the same amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer were set to mark out high, medium and low yield areas combined with maize and potato yields in recent three years, then the capacity of supplying potassium was investigated and the effects of potassium fertilizer were studied in the corresponding producing areas fertilized with potassium fertilizer or not. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlational analysis and stepwise regression analysis methods were employed for data analysis in this paper. 【Results】 The mean contents of soil readily available potassium and slowly available potassium in maize planting region were all lower than in potato planting region. In maize planting region, the soil readily available potassium contents were 155.2 mg/kg (high), 135.1 mg/kg (middle) and 71.0 mg/kg (low) respectively in high, middle and low yield areas, the slowly available potassium contents were respectively 249.5 mg/kg (high), 245.2 mg/kg (high) and 144.3 mg/kg (middle). In potato planting region, contents of soil readily available potassium were 192.6 mg/kg (high), 177.8 mg/kg (high) and 140.3 mg/kg (middle) respectively, and slowly available potassium were 298.6 mg/kg (high), 287.4 mg/kg (high) and 265.5 mg/kg (high) respectively. The relative yields (proportion of no potassium treatment yield to potassium treatment yield with the same amount of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer) in the two planting regions were all the highest in high yield area, followed by low yield area, middle yield area was the lowest; the yield increase rate and agronomic efficiency of potassium fertilizer followed the sequence of middle yield arealow yield areahigh yield area in maize and potato planting areas, while KPFP (potash partial fertilizer productivity) was high yield area middle yield arealow yield area. There were very significant positive correlations between soil available potassium and slowly available potassium both in maize planting region and potato planting region with the correlation coefficients of 0.635 and 0.550 respectively. The regression model of relative yield, soil readily available potassium and slowly available potassium was at very significant levels.【Conclusions】 The effects of supplying potassium in soil varied greatly between maize and potato planting areas and between different yield areas, the yield-increasing effect of potassium fertilizer in Guizhou was in relation to soil available potassium and potassium supplying potential. Consequently, it was essential to rationally apply potassium fertilizer according to soil potassium content in different planting regions of maize and potato, especially pay more attention to the combined application of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer.

     

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