• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
樊红柱, 陈庆瑞, 郭松, 陈琨, 秦鱼生, 涂仕华. 长期不同施肥紫色水稻土磷的盈亏及有效性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 154-162. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17141
引用本文: 樊红柱, 陈庆瑞, 郭松, 陈琨, 秦鱼生, 涂仕华. 长期不同施肥紫色水稻土磷的盈亏及有效性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(1): 154-162. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17141
FAN Hong-zhu, CHEN Qing-rui, GUO Song, CHEN Kun, QIN Yu-sheng, TU Shi-hua. Phosphorus balance and availability in a purple paddy soil under long-term different fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 154-162. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17141
Citation: FAN Hong-zhu, CHEN Qing-rui, GUO Song, CHEN Kun, QIN Yu-sheng, TU Shi-hua. Phosphorus balance and availability in a purple paddy soil under long-term different fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1): 154-162. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17141

长期不同施肥紫色水稻土磷的盈亏及有效性

Phosphorus balance and availability in a purple paddy soil under long-term different fertilization

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究长期施肥条件下土壤全磷、有效磷 (Olsen-P) 对磷素盈亏的响应,为西南紫色水稻土区科学施用磷肥提供依据。
    方法 以四川遂宁34年 (1982—2015年) 长期肥料定位试验为平台,试验设8个处理,即不施肥 (CK)、氮肥 (N)、氮磷肥 (NP)、氮磷钾肥 (NPK)、有机肥 (M)、有机肥 + 氮肥 (MN)、有机肥 + 氮磷肥 (MNP) 和有机肥 + 氮磷钾肥 (MNPK),分析了土壤磷素盈亏与全磷、Olsen-P的变化特征。
    结果 不施磷肥 (CK和N) 作物每年从土壤中带走磷约13.22 kg/hm2,且维持在较低的变化水平;单施有机磷肥处理 (M与MN) 作物携出磷量比不施磷肥提高了约1.73倍,磷素携出量呈增加趋势;施用磷肥 (NP、NPK、MNP和MNPK) 作物携出磷量在41.71~45.62 kg/hm2之间,吸磷量随时间呈下降趋势。不施磷肥土壤磷素常年处于亏缺状态,施磷土壤磷素年均盈余量为8.76~88.79 kg/hm2,有机无机磷肥配施磷盈余量大于单施有机肥和单施无机磷肥,随施肥年限的延续磷盈余量呈上升趋势。土壤中磷含量随磷盈亏而变化,施用无机磷肥或有机无机磷肥配施土壤全磷和Olsen-P增量与磷盈亏呈显著正相关,而不施磷或单施有机磷这种响应关系不明显;土壤每盈余磷100 kg/hm2,NP、NPK、MNP和MNPK处理土壤中全磷分别增加0.14、0.16、0.015和0.018 g/kg,Olsen-P分别提高15.76、17.19、1.96和1.85 mg/kg。
    结论 土壤磷素有效性随土壤磷素盈亏而变化,与加入磷素形态密切相关,西南紫色水稻土单施无机磷肥提升土壤磷含量的速率大于施用有机肥。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Soil phosphorus (P) availability is an essential index for assessing soil fertility. This study aimed to examine responses of soil total phosphorus (TP) and Olsen phosphorus (Olsen-P) to a paddy soil P balance under a long-term fertilization to offer science-based support for P management in the southwest of China.
    Methods The long-term fertilization experiment, initiated in 1982 on a purple paddy soil in Sichuan Province, consisted of eight treatments including no fertilizer (CK), three chemical fertilizer treatments (N, NP and NPK), single pig manure (M), and chemical fertilizer plus manure treatments (MN, MNP and MNPK), all the treatments repeated four times. Soil Olsen-P and TP were analyzed, the soil apparent P balance was calculated based on P input and crop removal, and the linear regressions between them were conducted thereafter.
    Results The annual P removal by the crops in CK and N treatments was about 13.22 kg/hm2, showing a stable or a declining pattern within experimental years, while the P removal by the crops under the M and MN treatments was 1.73 times of that in the CK and N treatments, showing a rising pattern in the M and MN treatments with time. The P removal by the crops in the P treatments (NP, NPK, MNP and MNPK) ranged from 41.71 to 45.62 kg/hm2, but the quantity decreased with advance of experimental time. Soil P was always in deficit for the no P treatment, while amounts of annual soil P surplus were from 8.76 kg/hm2 to 88.79 kg/hm2 in the P treatments (NP, NPK, M, MN, MNP, and MNPK). The treatments with chemical P plus manure accumulated higher soil P than the treatments with either manure or chemical P fertilizer alone, and the P surplus in the chemical P plus manure treatments continued to increase with experimental time. Soil TP and Olsen-P responded highly with soil P surplus or deficit. Their increments in the treatment of chemical P or chemical P plus manure were positively correlated with soil P balance, while no such relationships were observed between TP or Olsen P and the soil P balance in the no P and manure treatments. For every mean surplus of 100 kg P/hm2 in the soil, amounts of TP would be correspondingly increased by 0.14, 0.16, 0.015and 0.018 g/kg, and those of Olsen-P by 15.76, 17.19, 1.96 and 1.85 mg/kg in the treatments of NP, NPK, MNP and MNPK, respectively.
    Conclusions Soil P availability varied closely following the change of soil P surplus or deficit and was also correlated with P sources (chemical source or organic source of P). The increase in soil TP and Olsen-P in the chemical P treatments was significantly higher than that in the manure treatment in the purple paddy soil.

     

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