• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
何山, 孙媛媛, 沈掌泉, 王珂. 大数据时代精准施肥模式实现路径及其技术和方法研究展望[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1514-1524. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17317
引用本文: 何山, 孙媛媛, 沈掌泉, 王珂. 大数据时代精准施肥模式实现路径及其技术和方法研究展望[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2017, 23(6): 1514-1524. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17317
HE Shan, SUN Yuan-yuan, SHEN Zhang-quan, WANG Ke. Advances in coupling big data technique with nutrient site-specific management: scheme, methods and outlook[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1514-1524. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17317
Citation: HE Shan, SUN Yuan-yuan, SHEN Zhang-quan, WANG Ke. Advances in coupling big data technique with nutrient site-specific management: scheme, methods and outlook[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2017, 23(6): 1514-1524. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.17317

大数据时代精准施肥模式实现路径及其技术和方法研究展望

Advances in coupling big data technique with nutrient site-specific management: scheme, methods and outlook

  • 摘要: 自上世纪70年代起,我国开展了田间养分精准管理方法与技术的研究和推广,包括测土配方施肥、土壤养分测试和作物营养诊断,积累了大量土壤类型、肥力等基础数据以及农村地籍调查、农业普查、作物需肥规律等田间养分管理相关数据。但田间养分精准管理目前依旧存在重研究、轻应用,重理论、轻技术,专业分工太细,分割化、碎片化严重,传统与现代融合不够,可实际应用的产品、技术较少,农户体验差等问题。日渐成熟的信息互联、互通、互享技术与平台,功能日益强化的人工智能技术等,为实现田间养分管理走向精细化、信息化与系统化,进而为实现跨越式发展提供了契机。本文从我国农田经营分散的实际国情出发,根据精准施肥原理、认识与定位,提出了“基准+精准”模式的田间养分管理方案,以测土配方施肥为基础,结合数据挖掘技术对现有数据进行综合分析,更新制定当年田间养分管理“基准”施肥方案,包括基肥和追肥的施用数量及施用时间,同时利用云GIS可实现农田数据的空间信息化和施肥方案田块化管理的可视化,为移动端施肥方案的推送和实现田块尺度上的信息化精细管理奠定基础。以数字图像无损诊断作为技术支撑,通过机器学习作物数字图像特征参数来建立营养诊断模型,判断得出作物营养胁迫种类及程度,从而对当季田间作物长势及营养状况进行准实时监测与评价,进而实现对田间“基准”施肥方案特别是追肥施用的“精准”修正。最后通过构建“云+手持终端+数字图像”系统架构实现“基准方案推送—无损诊断—精准修订—成效反馈—方案优化”的动态实施和更新,对测土配方施肥技术体系进行完善,同时实现相关成果更新和持续利用,解决成果应用的“最后一公里”问题。

     

    Abstract: In this review, the methods and techniques of the field nutrient precision management were summarized, including soil testing and formulated fertilization technique, soil nutrient testing technique and crop nutrition diagnosis technique. The long term promotion of precise nutrient management work in our country has accumulated large amounts of soil types, soil fertility and other basic data, as well as some data related to field nutrient management, such as rural cadastral survey, agricultural census, characteristics of crop’s demand for nutrient and so on. However, some shortages remind to deal with. A lot of attention has been paid on theoretical researches but less on the application of the technical researches. The researchers are in state of over-divided and fragmentized, hardly connecting traditional field nutrient managements with modern precision ones. The research achievements are also need to be modified for better practical application for both technicians and farmers. Nowadays, the big data technology provides solutions for the explosive growing data integration, exchanging and sharing. In this review, a fertilization management scheme of " basic fertilization and precise adjustment” was proposed by using the big data technology. Firstly, the basic fertilization plan was created through a comprehensive analysis and data mining, combined with the principle of formulated fertilization technique. The basic plan included the time and quantity of basal and top-dressed fertilizers. At the same time, the spatial visualization of field management of fertilization scheme could be realized by the use of cloud GIS, which laid the foundation for pushing fertilization scheme on mobile terminal and realizing the spatial and precise management of field information. The type and degree of crop nutritive stress were recognized by the nondestructive diagnostic technology such as digital image processing and the nutritional diagnostic model by machine learning characteristic parameters of crops. Therefore, the near-real-time monitoring and diagnosing could be performed to generate a precise adjustment to the quantity of topdressing in basic fertilization plan. An operating mode of " Pushing basic fertilization scheme, nondestructive diagnosing, precise adjusting, receiving feedback and optimizing the scheme” by the system framework of " cloud technique, handheld terminal and digital image” was proposed to support the application and updating of the fertilization scheme.

     

/

返回文章
返回