Abstract: Long-term interaction between plants and soil microbes gradually forms a synergism regulatory mechanism in soils. Both plant species and root exudates could affect the structural characteristics of root microbial community. Conversely, the rhizospheric microbes also influence the responses of plants to biotic or abiotic environmental stresses in the soils. Studying the responsive mechanism of plant to the phosphorus starvation (low phosphorus tolerance) and disease defense system (immunity) has a positive role in promoting agricultural production management. Recent studies have shown that the rhizospheric microbes could induce the recognizing of plants to the nutrient substance (starvation response) and regulating the pathogen defense system (immunity) in an integrated pathway. Phosphorus stress and immunity in plants is usually influenced by the root associated microbes, we highlighted the recent research progresses in the interaction mechanism between the plant molecular responses and rhizospheric ecological types. We hope that this review will provide a novel clue for better understanding of the responsive mechanism of low phosphorus-tolerant crop and disease defense system.