• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
赵蒙, 曾科, 姚元林, 张敏, 杜林岚, 田玉华, 胡建民, 尹斌. 聚脲甲醛缓释肥对太湖稻麦轮作体系氨挥发及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(1): 55-63. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18028
引用本文: 赵蒙, 曾科, 姚元林, 张敏, 杜林岚, 田玉华, 胡建民, 尹斌. 聚脲甲醛缓释肥对太湖稻麦轮作体系氨挥发及产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(1): 55-63. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18028
ZHAO Meng, ZENG Ke, YAO Yuan-lin, ZHANG Min, DU Lin-lan, TIAN Yu-hua, HU Jian-min, YIN Bin. Effects of polyurea-formaldehyde on ammonia volatilization and yields under rice−wheat rotation in Taihu Region[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(1): 55-63. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18028
Citation: ZHAO Meng, ZENG Ke, YAO Yuan-lin, ZHANG Min, DU Lin-lan, TIAN Yu-hua, HU Jian-min, YIN Bin. Effects of polyurea-formaldehyde on ammonia volatilization and yields under rice−wheat rotation in Taihu Region[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(1): 55-63. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18028

聚脲甲醛缓释肥对太湖稻麦轮作体系氨挥发及产量的影响

Effects of polyurea-formaldehyde on ammonia volatilization and yields under rice−wheat rotation in Taihu Region

  • 摘要:
    目的 通过研究尿素和聚脲甲醛缓释肥 (MU) 对太湖地区稻麦轮作体系氨挥发、氮肥利用率及产量的影响,为新型缓释肥料的推广和降低农田氨挥发损失提供理论依据。
    方法 田间小区试验在江苏苏州进行,种植制度为水稻小麦轮作,供试聚脲甲醛缓释氮肥有两个,MU70 (含氮量39%) 和MU50 (含氮量40%),供试土壤为潜育型水稻土。除对照外,施氮量稻季为N 270 kg/hm2,麦季为N 190 kg/hm2。以施用普通尿素为对照,试验共设6个处理,分别为100%MU50 (单施缓释肥)、100%MU70、50%MU50 (缓释肥配施尿素)、50%MU70、当地常规 (U) 和对照 (CK)。各处理中缓释肥全部用于基施,尿素分三次追施。施肥后的第二天采用密闭室间歇通气—稀硫酸吸收法测定田间氨挥发通量。收获期测产,计算各处理的经济收益。
    结果 氨挥发主要发生在稻季,稻季施用MU可降低稻田的氨挥发损失,表现为100%MU50≈100%MU70 < 50%MU50≈50%MU70 < U。相比U处理,单施MU可导致水稻减产,而MU配施尿素可保证产量,50%MU50和50%MU70的产量比U处理分别提高了5.7%和3.2%;麦季单施MU处理的氨挥发和产量均显著低于U处理,50%MU50和U处理的氨挥发和产量无明显差异,而50%MU70处理的氨挥发损失高于U处理。稻季和麦季的MU与尿素配施处理的氮肥利用率均高于U处理的,而单施MU处理的氮肥利用率均显著低于U处理的,其中不同的是,稻季50%MU50处理的氮肥利用率比U处理显著提高了8.1%;麦季50%MU70处理的氮肥利用率比U处理的显著提高3%。
    结论 综合考虑农学和环境效益,稻麦轮作体系50%MU50的总净收入是30259元/hm2,相比U处理 (30168元/hm2) 差异不大,但前者显著降低了氨挥发损失,提高了氮肥利用率。因此,MU50和尿素1∶1配施模式值得在太湖地区推广应用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The aims of this study were to assess the effects of polyurea-formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer (MU) on NH3 volatilization and grain yield in rice-wheat rotation in Taihu Region.
    Methods A field trial was conducted under rice-wheat rotation system in Taihu Region.The tested polyurea-formaldehyde were MU70 (N 39%) and MU50 (N 40%), the soil was gleyed paddy soil. Using urea as control, six treatments were setup as 100%MU50, 100%MU70, 50%MU50, 50%MU70, farmer’s N practice (U) and control (CK). Except control, the total N application rate was N 270 kg/hm2 for rice and 190 kg/hm2 for wheat in all the treatments. All the fertilizers in MU were basal applied, and the urea was topdressed in three times for both rice and wheat. NH3 volatilization was measured by a dynamic chamber method. At harvest, the yield and nitrogen uptakes were measured, and the economic profits were calculated.
    Results NH3 volatilization occurred primarily during the rice season rather than the wheat season. Application of slow-release fertilizer in the rice season significantly reduced NH3 volatilization. The daily fluxes of NH3 volatilization were positively correlated with floodwater ammonium concentrations. Compared to polyurea-formaldehyde, urea significantly increased the floodwater ammonium concentrations. 100%MU50 and 100%MU70 significantly reduced rice yield. However, 50%MU50 and 50%MU70 increased rice yield by 5.7%−3.2% compared with urea. In the wheat reason, 100%MU50 and 100%MU70 significantly decreased NH3 volatilization and yield compared to urea. The NH3 volatilization difference between 50%MU50 and urea was not significant, but both of them were lower than that of 50%MU70. Compared to the U treatment, 50%MU50 and 50%MU70 increased the NUE but 100%MU50 and 100%MU70 reduced NUE in both rice and wheat seasons. In addition, NUE in 50%MU50 was increased by 8.1% compared to the urea application in rice reason and the 50%MU70 significantly increased the NUE by 3% in wheat reason.
    Conclusions Considering the agronomic, environmental and economic benefits, the total net income of 50%MU50 is 30259 yuan/hm2, which is not significantly different from the treatment of urea (30168 yuan/hm2). Therefore, the 50%MU50 treatment is a promising option and deserves promotion in Taihu Region.

     

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