• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
张佳佳, 丁文成, 艾超, 崔荣宗, 李明悦, 金崇伟, 徐新朋, 何萍. 优化施肥对萝卜产量和肥料利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(2): 187-199. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18055
引用本文: 张佳佳, 丁文成, 艾超, 崔荣宗, 李明悦, 金崇伟, 徐新朋, 何萍. 优化施肥对萝卜产量和肥料利用率的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(2): 187-199. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18055
ZHANG Jia-jia, DING Wen-cheng, AI Chao, CUI Rong-zong, LI Ming-yue, JIN Chong-wei, XU Xin-peng, HE Ping. Effects of optimum fertilization practices on yield and nutrient use efficiency of radish[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(2): 187-199. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18055
Citation: ZHANG Jia-jia, DING Wen-cheng, AI Chao, CUI Rong-zong, LI Ming-yue, JIN Chong-wei, XU Xin-peng, HE Ping. Effects of optimum fertilization practices on yield and nutrient use efficiency of radish[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(2): 187-199. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18055

优化施肥对萝卜产量和肥料利用率的影响

Effects of optimum fertilization practices on yield and nutrient use efficiency of radish

  • 摘要:
    目的 我国萝卜生产中施肥过量和不平衡现象普遍,研究优化施肥对萝卜产量和肥料利用率的影响,旨在为萝卜科学施肥提供依据。
    方法 于2016年秋季和2017年春季分别在天津、山东、浙江和河北四个萝卜产区布置4个田间试验,共设置7个处理:农民习惯施肥 (FP);优化施肥 NPK (S);基于NPK (S) 处理的减氮、减磷和减钾处理;优化施肥+有机肥 NPKM (S),钾肥为硫酸钾;优化施肥+有机肥 NPKM (Cl),钾肥为氯化钾。测定了萝卜产量、养分吸收量、肥料利用率和氮素表观损失。
    结果 与FP处理相比,两季NPK (S) 处理的萝卜肉质根产量增幅平均为3.9%,植株氮、磷和钾养分吸收量增幅平均为12.4%、15.3%和4.4%,其中河北试验点产量和养分吸收量均达到显著水平。四个试验点NPK (S) 和NPKM (S) 处理以及NPKM (S) 和NPKM (Cl) 处理相比,萝卜产量和养分吸收量均无显著性差异。与FP处理相比,两季NPK (S) 处理的氮素农学效率 (AEN)、氮素回收率 (REN) 和氮素偏生产力 (PFPN) 平均分别增加了32.8 kg/kg、18.9%和110.5 kg/kg;磷素农学效率 (AEP)、磷素回收率 (REP) 和磷素偏生产力 (PFPP) 平均分别增加了53.0 kg/kg、15.3%和296.7 kg/kg;钾素农学效率 (AEK) 和钾素回收率 (REK) 平均分别增加了17.6 kg/kg和11.5%。与NPKM (S) 处理相比,两季NPK (S) 处理的AEN、REN和PFPN平均分别增加了34.0 kg/kg、13.5%和221.7 kg/kg,AEP、REP和FPP平均分别增加了20.8 kg/kg、6.6%和217.2 kg/kg,AEK、REK和钾素偏生产力 (PFPK) 平均分别增加了9.0 kg/kg、3.6%和89.5 kg/kg。与NPKM (Cl) 处理相比,两季NPKM (S) 处理的REP和REK分别显著提高了6.2%和7.4%。由氮素表观损失结果得出,两季NPK (S) 处理的氮素表观损失比FP处理平均降低了106.7 kg/hm2,氮素残留降低了42.1 kg/hm2;与NPKM (S) 处理相比,NPK (S) 处理的氮素表观损失平均降低了84.6 kg/hm2,氮素残留降低了55.6 kg/hm2;NPKM (S) 和NPKM (Cl) 处理平均氮素表观损失和氮素残留量均无显著性差异。
    结论 在保证萝卜产量的基础上,优化施肥量和施肥时期可有效提高肥料的利用率,降低氮素损失。肥料用量的增减需依据各地具体施肥量而定,硫酸钾和氯化钾都可在萝卜生产中用作钾源,二者在肥效和萝卜产量及品质方面没有差异。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Excessive and unbalanced fertilization is common in radish production in China, which is unfavorable to ecological environment protection and sustainable agricultural production. The effects of optimized fertilization on fleshy root yield and fertilizer use efficiency of radish were studied using field experiment to provide basis for scientific fertilization of radish production.
    Methods Field experiments were conducted in Tianjin, Shandong, Zhejiang, and Hebei provinces in autumn of 2016 and spring of 2017, respectively. Experiment comprised of seven treatments: farmers’practice (FP); optimized fertilization NPK (S), K fertilizer was potassium sulfate; a series of nutrient omission treatments, which excluded N, P, and K from the NPK (S) treatments; combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer, K fertilizer was potassium sulfate or potassium chloride, namely NPKM (S) or NPKM (Cl). The fleshy root yield of radish, plant nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency, and apparent N loss were investigated.
    Results Compared with the FP treatment, NPK (S) treatment increased fleshy root yield and plant nutrient uptake, with an average increase of 3.9% in yield in two seasons, and with an average increase of 12.4%, 15.3%, and 4.4% in plant nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake in two seasons, respectively, and there was a significant difference in Hebei. There were no significant differences between NPK (S) and NPKM (S) treatments and between NPKM (S) and NPKM (Cl) treatments in fleshy root yield and plant nutrient uptake. The fertilizer use efficiency of NPK (S) was significantly higher than that of FP treatment. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen (AEN), recovery efficiency of nitrogen (REN), and partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN) in the NPK (S) treatment were increased by an average of 32.8 kg/kg, 18.9%, and 110.5 kg/kg in two seasons compared with FP treatment. The agronomy efficiency of phosphorus (AEP), recovery efficiency of phosphorus (REP), and partial factor productivity of phosphorus (PFPP) in the NPK (S) treatment were increased by an average of 53.0 kg/kg, 15.3%, and 296.7 kg/kg in two seasons compared with FP treatment, respectively. The agronomy efficiency of potassium (AEK) and recovery efficiency of potassium (REK) in the NPK (S) treatment were increased by an average of 17.6 kg/kg and 11.5% in two seasons compared with FP treatment. Compared with NPKM (S) treatment, AEN, REN, and PFPN in NPK (S) treatment were significantly increased by an average of 34.0 kg/kg, 13.5%, and 221.7 kg/kg in two seasons. AEP, REP, and PFPP in the NPK (S) treatment were increased by an average of 20.8 kg/kg, 6.6%, and 217.2 kg/kg in two seasons. AEK, REK, and PFPK in the NPK (S) treatment were increased by an average of 9.0 kg/kg, 3.6%, and 89.5 kg/kg in two seasons. Compared with NPKM (Cl) treatment, REP and REK in the NPKM (S) treatment were significantly increased by an average of 6.2% and 7.4% in two seasons. Compared with the FP treatment, the average apparent N loss was decreased by 106.7 kg/hm2 and residual N average was decreased by 42.1 kg/hm2 in NPK (S) treatment in the two seasons. The average apparent N loss was decreased by 84.6 kg/hm2 and residual N average was decreased by 55.6 kg/hm2 in NPK (S) treatment compared with NPKM (S) treatment in the two seasons. There were no significant differences between NPKM (S) and NPKM (Cl) treatments in apparent N loss and residual N.
    Conclusions On the basis of guarantee the radish yield, optimizing the fertilizer rate and application period could improve the fertilizer use efficiency and reduce the apparent N loss. The fertilizer rate should be increased or reduced according to the practical uses in different areas, and both potassium chloride and potassium sulfate are good potassium source for radish production.

     

/

返回文章
返回