• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王功帅, 马子清, 潘凤兵, 田长平, 陈杰, 王金政, 陈学森, 尹承苗, 毛志泉. 连作对土壤微生物及平邑甜茶幼苗氮吸收、分配和利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(3): 481-488. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18095
引用本文: 王功帅, 马子清, 潘凤兵, 田长平, 陈杰, 王金政, 陈学森, 尹承苗, 毛志泉. 连作对土壤微生物及平邑甜茶幼苗氮吸收、分配和利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(3): 481-488. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18095
WANG Gong-shuai, MA Zi-qing, PAN Feng-bing, TIAN Chang-ping, CHEN Jie, WANG Jin-zheng, CHEN Xue-sen, YIN Cheng-miao, MAO Zhi-quan. Effect of apple replanting on soil microorganism and nitrogen absorption, distribution, utilization of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(3): 481-488. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18095
Citation: WANG Gong-shuai, MA Zi-qing, PAN Feng-bing, TIAN Chang-ping, CHEN Jie, WANG Jin-zheng, CHEN Xue-sen, YIN Cheng-miao, MAO Zhi-quan. Effect of apple replanting on soil microorganism and nitrogen absorption, distribution, utilization of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(3): 481-488. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18095

连作对土壤微生物及平邑甜茶幼苗氮吸收、分配和利用的影响

Effect of apple replanting on soil microorganism and nitrogen absorption, distribution, utilization of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings

  • 摘要:
    目的 苹果连作障碍发生普遍,严重影响果树生长。研究连作条件下平邑甜茶对氮素吸收、分配和利用的影响,为阐明连作障碍发生机制和防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。
    方法 盆栽条件下,以平邑甜茶为试材,利用15N同位素示踪技术,研究了平邑甜茶对氮素吸收、分配和利用的影响。试验处理分为连作土溴甲烷熏蒸 (T1)、连作土高温灭菌 (T2)、麦田土 (T3) 和连作土 (CK) 四个处理。分别在8月和9月份进行两次取样,测定了不同处理间生物量、根系、氮素和土壤微生物的差异。
    结果 连作显著抑制了平邑甜茶幼苗的生长和根系构型。与连作土溴甲烷熏蒸、高温灭菌和麦田土处理相比,连作土处理9月份幼苗的鲜重分别减少了46.77%、46.50%和27.38%;株高分别减少了41.97%、41.95% 和 23.51%;根系面积分别减少了56.21%、55.72%和48.04%。与麦田土相比,连作改变了土壤微生物群落,增加了有害真菌数量,减少了细菌数量,降低了细菌/真菌比值。9月份连作土壤真菌数量是麦田土处理的1.76倍,细菌占麦田土的78.77%。连作减少了氮素对各器官的贡献率 (NDff),显著低于连作土溴甲烷熏蒸、高温灭菌和麦田土处理。与连作土溴甲烷熏蒸、高温灭菌和麦田土处理相比,连作土处理9月份叶片组织的NDff分别减少了61.34%、58.65%、57.36%。同时,连作还影响氮素在植株各器官的分配。连作平邑甜茶根系分配了更多的15N,9月份达到42.11%。而叶片组织的15N分配率显著低于其他三个处理,并随着连作时间的延长,叶片组织的15N分配率越少,9月份仅占29.25%。连作还减少了氮肥的利用率,显著低于正常水平。9月份连作土氮肥的利用率为13.33%,与连作土溴甲烷熏蒸、高温灭菌和麦田土处理相比,分别减少了67.19%、67.68%、60.39%。连作还影响了根系功能,与溴甲烷熏蒸、高温灭菌和麦田土处理相比,连作条件下幼苗的根系活力分别降低了39.71%、40.64%和26.80%;根系质膜H+-ATP-ase活性分别减少了41.44%、38.24%、25.78%。
    结论 土壤微生物是引起苹果连作障碍的主要因素,连作不仅抑制了植株生长和根系构型,还抑制了根系功能,减少对土壤氮素的吸收,降低氮肥的利用率,影响各器官氮素的分配。连作使根系消耗过多的营养,减少了对地上部分的供应,进而影响地上部分的生长和发育。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Apple replanting disease (ARD) is a frequently occurring plant disease, which inhibits growth of trees seriously. Under replanted condition, absorption, distribution and utilization of 15N-urea in Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were studied, to reveal mechanism of ARD and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of ARD.
    Methods A pot experiment was carried out using Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings as the material. Four treatments, including replanted soil fumigated by methyl bromide (T1), replanted soil pasteurized (T2), wheat field soil (T3) and replanted soil (CK) were carried out to explore the effect of ARD on absorption, distribution and utilization of 15N, using isotope tracer technique. The biomass, root, nitrogen and microorganism were measured in August and September.
    Results Continuous cropping inhibited the growth and root architecture of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings significantly. Compared to T1, T2 and T3, the fresh weight treated with replanted soil was reduced by 46.77%, 46.50%, 27.38%, respectively. The plant height was reduced significantly, by 41.97%, 41.95%, 23.51%, respectively. In addition, the root surface area of seedlings decreased by 56.21%, 55.72%, 48.04%, respectively, compared to T1, T2 and T3. Continuous cropping also deteriorated the environment of soil microorganisms. The fungal biomass in replanted soil was increased significantly, which was 1.76 times of the control. However, the bacterial biomass accounted for 78.77% in the wheat soil. The ratio of bacteria and fungi was also decreased significantly. The contribution of nitrogen derived from fertilizer (Ndff) in replanted organs was also decreased, due to continuous cropping. In September, the Ndff of replanted leaves was reduced by 61.34%, 58.65%, 57.36%, respectively, compared to T1, T2 and T3. Moreover, continuous cropping affected the distribution ratio of 15N in different organs seriously. 42.11% 15N was measured in root of replanted seedlings, which was higher than other treatments in September. However, the 15N distribution ratio in replanted leaves was lower. With increase of replanted time, the 15N distribution ratio in leaves became less. Only 29.25% 15N of replanted leaves was measured in September. Furthermore, the ratios of 15N utilization was reduced significantly under replanted condition. In September, the ratios of 15N utilization was only 13.33% and reduced by 67.19%, 67.68%, 60.39%, respectively, compared to T1, T2 and T3. In addition, continuous cropping affected the root system and function seriously. The root activity was decreased (39.71%, 40.64%, 26.80%, respectively) and H+-ATPase activity of mitochondrial plasmalemma was also reduced (41.44%, 38.24%, 25.78%, respectively), compared to T1, T2 and T3.
    Conclusions Soil microorganism was the main factor for apple replanted disease. Continuous cropping not only inhibited the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and root architecture, but also affected root functions. Furthermore, nitrogen absorptivity and utilization ratio were reduced significantly. Continuous cropping also affected nitrogen distribution in different organs, leading to root consuming more nutrition and reducing supply to other organs.

     

/

返回文章
返回