• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
谢海宽, 江雨倩, 李虎, 徐驰, 丁武汉, 王立刚, 张婧. 北京设施菜地N2O和NO排放特征及滴灌优化施肥的减排效果[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 591-600. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18105
引用本文: 谢海宽, 江雨倩, 李虎, 徐驰, 丁武汉, 王立刚, 张婧. 北京设施菜地N2O和NO排放特征及滴灌优化施肥的减排效果[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 591-600. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18105
XIE Hai-kuan, JIANG Yu-qian, LI Hu, XU Chi, DING Wu-han, WANG Li-gang, ZHANG Jing. N2O and NO emissions from greenhouse vegetable fields and the mitigation efficacy of the optimized fertigation in Beijing[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 591-600. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18105
Citation: XIE Hai-kuan, JIANG Yu-qian, LI Hu, XU Chi, DING Wu-han, WANG Li-gang, ZHANG Jing. N2O and NO emissions from greenhouse vegetable fields and the mitigation efficacy of the optimized fertigation in Beijing[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 591-600. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18105

北京设施菜地N2O和NO排放特征及滴灌优化施肥的减排效果

N2O and NO emissions from greenhouse vegetable fields and the mitigation efficacy of the optimized fertigation in Beijing

  • 摘要:
    目的 量化设施菜地N2O、NO排放特征,分析其影响因素,以期为科学评估农田生态系统N2O、NO排放提供关键参数。
    方法 以黄瓜品种‘金胚98’为供试材料,在北京房山区窦店乡的温室大棚内进行了田间试验,供试土壤类型为石灰性褐土,质地为壤土。试验共设4个处理:漫灌,不施氮肥 (CK);漫灌,农民习惯施肥 (FP);滴灌,农民习惯施肥 (FPD);滴灌,优化施氮 (OPTD)。常规氮肥施用量为N 1200 kg/hm2,优化后氮肥施用量为N 920 kg/hm2。70%的化肥氮和钾肥,分6次随灌溉追施。采用自动静态箱–氮氧化物分析仪法,对黄瓜生长季的N2O、NO排放量进行了田间原位观测,同时监测了5 cm深土壤温度、0—15 cm土层土壤孔隙水分含量,分析了N2O、NO季节排放与土壤温度和湿度的相关性,比较了不同处理措施的减排效果。
    结果 施肥和灌溉后1~2天,N2O会出现明显的排放高峰,NO排放峰出现在施肥和灌溉后2~4天,对照无明显N2O、NO排放峰值。CK、FP、FPD和OPTD处理N2O季节排放量分别为N 7.32、28.69、18.62、12.16 kg/hm2;NO季节排放量分别N 0.32、0.86、0.77和0.70 kg/hm2; NO排放量分别占 (N2O + NO) 总量的4.2%、2.9%、4.0%、5.4%。相同氮肥施用量条件下,滴灌施肥处理 (FPD) 相比漫灌施肥 (FP),不仅能保持作物产量,而且能减少N2O、NO排放总量34.4%、9.0%;滴灌施肥条件下,减少40%氮肥投入 (OPTD) 比FPD分别减少N2O和NO排放34.7%和9.1%。FP、FPD和OPTD处理的N2O排放系数依次为1.78%、0.94%、0.53%,NO排放系数依次为0.08%、0.06%和0.09%。
    结论 京郊设施菜地夏季N2O排放强,NO排放弱。在不改变施肥量前提下,采用滴灌施肥可在保持作物产量的同时,显著减少N2O和NO排放。采用滴灌的同时,优化肥料施用量可以进一步减少N2O、NO排放。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Quantification of the nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions from greenhouse vegetable fields and clarification of the influencing factors are necessary for assessment of the N2O and NO emissions of farmland ecosystem.
    Methods Using cucumber cultivar of Jinpei98 as the test materials, a field experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in Doudian Town, southwest suburb of Beijing. The type of soil was calcareous cinnamon soil with loam texture. Four treatments were no nitrogen fertilizer application with flood irrigation (CK), farmer’s fertilizer application with flood irrigation (FP), farmer’s fertilizer application rate with drip irrigation (FPD) and optimized nitrogen fertilizer application with drip irrigation (OPTD). The conventional nitrogen fertilizer application rate was N 1200 kg/hm2, and the optimized nitrogen fertilizer application rate was N 920 kg/hm2. 70% of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were top-dressed in 6 stages with drip irrigation. The automatic static chamber-nitrogen oxide analyzer method was used to measure the N2O and NO emissions during cucumber growing season. The soil temperatures at 5 cm depth and the soil water filled pore space in 0−15 cm soil layer were monitored.
    Results Emission peaks were usually observed in 1−2 days after each fertigation for N2O and 2−4 days for NO, there was no significant emission peaks in CK treatment. The seasonal cumulative emissions of the 4 treatments were 7.32, 28.69, 18.62, 12.16 kg/hm2 for N2O, and 0.32, 0.86, 0.77 and 0.70 kg N/hm2 for NO, respectively. The NO emissions of CK, FP, FPD and OPTD treatments accounted for 4.2%, 2.9%, 4.0%, and 5.4% of the total emissions (N2O + NO), respectively. Compared with FP treatment, the N2O and NO emissions in FPD treatment were mitigated by 34.4%, 9.0%, while the vegetable yield remain unchanged. When reducing the nitrogen application rates by 40% under the condition of drip irrigation, the cumulative N2O and NO emissions were further significantly mitigated by 34.7% and 9.1%. The emission factors in FP, FPD and OPTD treatment were 1.78%, 0.94%, 0.53% for N2O, and 0.08%, 0.06% and 0.09% for NO, respectively.
    Conclusions The N2O emission is strong and NO emission is week in the southwest suburb of Beijing during summer season. Without changing the N fertilization rate, the N2O and NO emissions can be significantly mitigated by 34.4% and 9.0% only through fertigation, and further mitigated by 34.7% and 9.1% by reducing 40% of the total N input combined with fertigation.

     

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