• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
牛聪聪, 耿国明, 于雷, 解群杰, 廖晶晶, 齐红岩. 尿素配施木霉菌剂提高甜瓜产量、品质及土壤微生物功能多样性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 620-629. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18137
引用本文: 牛聪聪, 耿国明, 于雷, 解群杰, 廖晶晶, 齐红岩. 尿素配施木霉菌剂提高甜瓜产量、品质及土壤微生物功能多样性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 620-629. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18137
NIU Cong-cong, GENG Guo-ming, YU Lei, XIE Qun-jie, LIAO Jing-jing, QI Hong-yan. Reducing fertilizer input combined with application of trichoderma to increase yield, quality of melon and soil microbial functional diversity[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 620-629. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18137
Citation: NIU Cong-cong, GENG Guo-ming, YU Lei, XIE Qun-jie, LIAO Jing-jing, QI Hong-yan. Reducing fertilizer input combined with application of trichoderma to increase yield, quality of melon and soil microbial functional diversity[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 620-629. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18137

尿素配施木霉菌剂提高甜瓜产量、品质及土壤微生物功能多样性

Reducing fertilizer input combined with application of trichoderma to increase yield, quality of melon and soil microbial functional diversity

  • 摘要:
    目的 明确尿素配施木霉菌剂对甜瓜产量、品质及土壤微生物功能多样性的影响,为生产中甜瓜的减肥增效提供理论依据。
    方法 试验于2017年3月至7月在沈阳农业大学园艺科研基地的日光温室内进行,栽培土壤组成为土∶草炭∶牛粪 = 4∶2∶1,供试材料为薄皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino)‘玉美人’。通过测土配方施肥测算,供氮水平100%为尿素(普通尿素,N≥46.4%) 25.9 g/株。以此为基础,设9个氮肥处理:50%普通尿素(T1)、50%控释尿素(T2)、50%普通尿素 + 木霉菌剂(T3)、50%控释尿素 + 木霉菌剂(T4)、30%控释尿素 + 20%普通尿素 + 木霉菌剂(T5)、100%普通尿素(T6)、100%控释尿素(T7)、150%普通尿素(T8),以不施氮肥为对照(CK)。测定了不同处理对薄皮甜瓜果实产量、品质及土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。
    结果 与100%施氮处理(T6、T7)相比,减量施氮50%在一定程度上提高了成熟甜瓜果实的品质,其中50%控释尿素配施木霉菌剂(T4)处理不仅降低了甜瓜果实的硝酸盐含量,提高了果实的可溶性糖、Vc含量及香气物质含量,单株产量也有所增加。此外,随着施氮量的增加,氮肥表观利用率和农学利用率均明显降低,其中T1~T4处理与100%和150%施氮处理(T6~T8)间的差异均达显著水平,且T3、T4处理的氮肥利用率均较高。在土壤微生物多样性方面,与施用普通尿素相比,控释尿素处理(T2、T4、T5、T7)的AWCD值均高于其他处理,其中以T4处理的AWCD值最高。
    结论 在供试栽培土壤条件下,减少氮肥施用量50%,无论是否采用控释尿素或配施木霉菌剂,都有助于促进甜瓜植株的生长,提高成熟甜瓜果实品质,增加甜瓜的单株产量,但只有配施木霉菌剂后,其产量、品质与施氮100%处理的差异达到了显著水平。微生物多样性只在施用了理论施氮量的150%后显著下降。因此,在有机质丰富的土壤上栽培甜瓜,建议采用施氮量减少50%、配施木霉菌剂的高产优质可持续的施肥技术。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Microbial fertilizers have been proved of beneficial to crop growth and soil environment. The effects of Trichoderma on yield, quality of oriental melon and microbial functional diversity of growing substrate were studied for environmental friendly fertilization management in oriental melon production.
    Methods A field experiment was carried out in greenhouse, located in the Horticultural Scientific Research Base of Shenyang Agricultural University, from March to July of 2017. The culture substrate was composed of soil∶peat∶cow manure in ratio of 4∶2∶1, and the tested martial was oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino), cultivar named ‘Yumeiren’. The nitrogen rate calculated for the optimum yield was urea (N≥46.4%) 25.9 g/plant, and taking it as 100% of the N rate. Nine treatments were designed as: 50% regular urea (T1), 50% controlled-release urea (T2), 50% regular urea + Trichoderma (T3), 50% controlled-release urea + Trichoderma (T4), 30% controlled-release urea + 20% regular urea + Trichoderma (T5), 100% regular urea (T6), 100% controlled-release urea (T7), 150% regular urea (T8) and no nitrogen control (CK). The effects of different treatments on yield, quality of oriental melon and the diversity of soil microbial function were determined and analyzed.
    Results Compared with the 100% nitrogen fertilization (T6, T7), reduced 50% N application (T1, T2) improved the fruit quality of mature melon, and T4 not only reduced the nitrate content of melon fruit, but also increased the soluble sugar, Vc, aroma content and the single plant yield. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the apparent nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen agronomic efficiency decreased significantly in fertilization treatments, and the difference was significant between T1 to T4 treatments and the 100% and 150% nitrogen treatments (T6 toT8), and the nitrogen recovery efficiency of T3 and T4 treatments were high. The AWCD value of soil microbial diversity in the controlled-release urea treatments (T2, T4, T5, T7) were higher than those of other treatments with the application of regular urea, and T4 treatment had the highest value.
    Conclusions Reducing nitrogen fertilizer combined with Trichoderma can promote the growth of melon, improve the quality of ripe melon fruit, and increase the yield of single melon and soil microbial functional diversity. Reducing 50% of nitrogen input combining controlled-release urea and Trichoderma has satisfactory performance.

     

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