• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
马想, 黄晶, 赵惠丽, 徐明岗, 姜慧敏, 段英华. 秸秆与氮肥不同配比对红壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1574-1580. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18163
引用本文: 马想, 黄晶, 赵惠丽, 徐明岗, 姜慧敏, 段英华. 秸秆与氮肥不同配比对红壤微生物量碳氮的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1574-1580. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18163
MA Xiang, HUANG Jing, ZHAO Hui-li, XU Ming-gang, JIANG Hui-min, DUAN Ying-hua. Straw and nitrogen fertilizer ratios influence microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1574-1580. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18163
Citation: MA Xiang, HUANG Jing, ZHAO Hui-li, XU Ming-gang, JIANG Hui-min, DUAN Ying-hua. Straw and nitrogen fertilizer ratios influence microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1574-1580. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18163

秸秆与氮肥不同配比对红壤微生物量碳氮的影响

Straw and nitrogen fertilizer ratios influence microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in red soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 秸秆碳氮比是影响其养分释放和还田利用的主要因素之一。秸秆还田条件下,如何合理施用氮肥是秸秆利用的关键问题。研究玉米秸秆还田配施不同量氮肥后土壤微生物特性的变化,对于指导秸秆还田和培肥土壤有重要意义。
    方法 在中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站旱地试验田进行尼龙袋大田填埋试验,供试土壤为红壤。尼龙袋装土200 g (以风干土计),共设置6个处理:CK、低量尿素0.157 g (N1)、高量尿素0.939 g (N2)、玉米秸秆9 g (S)、玉米秸秆 + 低量尿素 (SN1)、玉米秸秆 + 高量尿素 (SN2)。S、SN1和SN2处理中混合物的碳氮比分别为53∶1、37∶1、15∶1。填埋后分别于7、14、21、28、49和150 d取样,分析不同碳氮比秸秆还田后土壤有机碳 (SOC)、微生物生物量碳和氮 (SMBC和SMBN)、微生物熵 (SMBC/SOC) 及微生物量碳氮比 (SMBC/SMBN) 等随时间的变化及处理间差异。
    结果 SMBC和SMBN均随时间先增加后降低,分别在21 d和14 d达到最大值。还田150 d时与CK相比,秸秆还田各处理SMBC增加了4~5倍,SMBN增加了6~8倍。S、SN1和SN2处理的SMBC 6次取样的平均值分别为1425、1379和1462 mg/kg,约为其他处理的10倍;SMBN分别为172、181和193 mg/kg,约为其他处理的8倍;微生物熵分别为3.57、3.41和3.57,约为其他处理的2.8倍,S、SN1和SN2处理间差异不显著。N1、N2的SMBC/SMBN显著低于S处理。在28 d前,S、SN1和SN2处理间SMBC/SMBN值差异不显著,28 d后S处理显著高于SN1和SN2;150 d时S处理SMBC/SMBN值约为10,SN1和SN2处理约为6。
    结论 玉米秸秆还田显著提高了SMBC、SMBN和微生物熵。秸秆还田和氮肥施用均会降低SMBC/SMBN值,且氮肥用量越大比值越低。当秸秆还田时,将碳氮比调整到37∶1不能满足微生物对氮的需求,因此在南方红壤秸秆还田时要补充氮素。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Straw C/N ratio affects its nutrient release and use. Suitable application of nitrogen fertilizer would help creating advantageous microbial properties for the use of straw.
    Methods A field cultivation experiment was carried out in the Red Soil Experimental Station in Hengyang, Hunan province. In the field experiment, 200 g of red soil (air dried) was added separately with blank (CK), urea 0.157 g (N1), urea 0.939 g (N2), maize straw 9 g (S), maize straw with 0.157 g urea (SN1), and maize straw with 0.939 g urea (SN2), packed in nylon bag and buried into soil. The C/N ratios of the treatments S, SN1 and SN2 were 53∶1, 37∶1 and 15∶1, respectively. Soil samples were collected from the nylon bags at the 7, 14, 21, 28, 49 and 150 days of incubation. Soil organic carbon (SOC), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), soil microbial entropy (SMBC/SOC) and soil microbial carbon nitrogen ratio (SMBC/SMBN) were determined.
    Results The SMBC and SMBN contents were the highest at 21st day and the 14th day, respectively. Compared with the CK, the SMBC and SMBN in the treatments with straw were increased by 4–5 times and 6–8 times at the 150 th day. For the six sampling, the SMBC in the three straw containing treatments (S, SN1 and SN2) were averaged 1425, 1379 and 1462 mg/kg, respectively, about 10 times of the other treatments; their SMBN were averaged 172, 181 and 193 mg/kg, respectively, about 8 times of the other treatments; the microbial entropy were 3.57, 3.41 and 3.57, respectively, about 2.8 times as much as the other treatments; and there were no significantly differences in the SMBC, SMBN and microbial entropy among the three straw containing treatments. The SMBC/SMBN ratio of N1, N2 treatment was significantly lower than S treatment. The differences in SMBC/SMBN ratio were not significant among straw containing treatments in the first 28 days. After 28 days, the SMBC/SMBN ratio in S treatment was significantly higher than those in SN1 and SN2 treatments, and at the 150 th day, the SMBC/SMBN ratio in S treatment was about 10, while those in the SN1 and SN2 were nearly 6.
    Conclusions Straw addition in red soil could significantly increase SMBC, SMBN and microbial entropy. Both straw and nitrogen addition will reduce the SMBC/SMBN ratios. The regulation of C/N at 37∶1 could not meet the nitrogen requirement for microbial decomposition when straws are added into soil. Therefore, returning maize straw requires more nitrogen input for advantageous soil microbial properties in southern red soil.

     

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