• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
冯媛媛, 申艳, 徐明岗, 田应兵, 任凤铃, 段英华. 施磷量与小麦产量的关系及其对土壤、气候因素的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 683-691. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18171
引用本文: 冯媛媛, 申艳, 徐明岗, 田应兵, 任凤铃, 段英华. 施磷量与小麦产量的关系及其对土壤、气候因素的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 683-691. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18171
FENG Yuan-yuan, SHEN Yan, XU Ming-gang, TIAN Ying-bin, REN Feng-ling, DUAN Ying-hua. Relationship between phosphorus application amount and grain yield of wheat and its response to soil and climate factors[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 683-691. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18171
Citation: FENG Yuan-yuan, SHEN Yan, XU Ming-gang, TIAN Ying-bin, REN Feng-ling, DUAN Ying-hua. Relationship between phosphorus application amount and grain yield of wheat and its response to soil and climate factors[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 683-691. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18171

施磷量与小麦产量的关系及其对土壤、气候因素的响应

Relationship between phosphorus application amount and grain yield of wheat and its response to soil and climate factors

  • 摘要:
    目的 分析在有效磷含量不同的土壤中磷肥施用量对小麦籽粒产量的影响,探明在保证小麦高产的前提下,不同有效磷含量土壤中施磷量与小麦籽粒产量之间的关系,为小麦生产中合理施用磷肥、改善农田生态环境提供理论依据。
    方法 本研究根据1990—2017年间已公开发表的有关中国磷肥田间试验的文献,建立土壤有效磷、施磷量和小麦籽粒产量的数据库。采用数据整合分析方法(Meta-analysis),研究在3个土壤有效磷梯度(< 10、10~20、> 20 mg/kg)下,不同施磷(P2O5)量(< 60、60~90、90~120、120~150、> 150 kg/hm2)对小麦籽粒产量的影响,分析施磷量与小麦籽粒产量之间的关系及其对环境因素的响应。
    结果 1)除在有效磷 > 20 mg/kg的土壤上施用P2O5 > 90 kg/hm2的高量磷肥外,在其它有效磷含量土壤上施用磷肥对小麦籽粒产量的提高均具有正影响。具体表现为:在有效磷 < 10 mg/kg的土壤上,小麦籽粒产量随施磷量的升高而呈直线上升趋势,其中施P2O5 > 150 kg/hm2的磷肥对小麦的增产作用最强(36.6%);在有效磷含量为10~20 mg/kg的土壤上,90~120 kg/hm2的P2O5施用量对小麦的增产作用最强(25.8%);在有效磷含量 > 20 mg/kg的土壤上,小麦籽粒产量与施磷量的关系符合米歇里西方程,即小麦籽粒产量随施磷量先增加后达到平衡,且磷肥施用对小麦的有效增产作用相对较弱(< 8%)。2)在不同的环境因素下磷肥施用对小麦籽粒产量的提高均为正影响。具体表现为:在不同的气候类型条件下,亚热带季风气候条件下施用磷肥对小麦籽粒产量的提高幅度为19.4%,高于亚热带季风气候区(10.7%);在不同土壤类型条件下,黑垆土中磷肥施用对小麦籽粒产量的提高幅度为34.4%,显著高于黄棕壤(10.3%)、棕壤(9.2%)和褐土(15.6%);在不同小麦种植区中,春小麦区中磷肥施用对小麦籽粒产量的提升幅度为32.9%,显著高于北方冬小麦区(13.9%)和南冬小麦区(10.8%)。
    结论 在试验前初始有效磷含量不同的土壤中,磷肥施用量对小麦籽粒产量的影响程度不尽相同,其中在亚热带季风气候、黑垆土、春小麦区条件下施磷的增产作用较强。因此,在小麦生产过程中施用磷肥时应充分考虑当地的土壤有效磷含量,适量施肥,减少磷素浪费,保护农业生态环境。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on wheat grain yield and the relationship between phosphorus application amount and grain yield were analyzed in soils with different available phosphorus (P) content. The results can provide the theoretical basis for the rational application of phosphorus fertilizer and the improvement of the farmland ecological environment.
    Methods In this study, a database of soil available-P, P2O5 application amount and wheat grain yield was established based on published papers on Chinese field experiments during the period of 1990–2017. The effect of P2O5 application amount (< 60, 60−90, 90−120, 120−150, > 150 kg/hm2) on wheat grain yield and the relationship between P2O5 application amount and wheat grain yield in soils with three soil available-P gradients (< 10, 10−20, and > 20 mg/kg) were analyzed using meta-analysis. The relationship between phosphorus application rate and grain yield of wheat, and the effects of environmental factors on the relationship between phosphorus fertilizer application and grain yield of wheat were studied.
    Results The application of phosphorus fertilizer showed a positive effect on the wheat grain yield, except when applying phosphorus fertilizer more than 90 kg/hm2 in soils with available-P > 20 mg/kg. In detail, in soils with available-P < 10 mg/kg, the wheat grain yield increased linearly with the increase of P2O5 application amount, with the strongest effect for P2O5 application amount more than 150 kg/hm2 (36.6%). In soils with available-P of 10−20 mg/kg, P application had a positive effect on the wheat grain yield, with the strongest effect for P2O5 application amount of 90−120 kg/hm2 (25.8%). In soils with available-P > 20 mg/kg, the relationship between wheat grain yield and P application amount was fitted well by the exponential rise to maximum equation. That is, wheat grain yield increased with the increase of P2O5 application amount and then reached the balance. The effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on wheat grain yield was relatively weak (< 8%) in this situation.
    Conclusions The effect of phosphorus fertilizer on wheat grain yield varied with the soil available-P content and the P2O5 application amount. Therefore, soil available-P content should be considered when applying phosphorus fertilizer for wheat production, as proper fertilizer application not only reduce the waste of phosphorus fertilizer but also protect the farmland ecological environment.

     

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