• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
石玉龙, 高佩玲, 刘杏认, 张晴雯, 张爱平, 杨正礼. 生物炭和有机肥施用提高了华北平原滨海盐土微生物量[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 555-567. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18230
引用本文: 石玉龙, 高佩玲, 刘杏认, 张晴雯, 张爱平, 杨正礼. 生物炭和有机肥施用提高了华北平原滨海盐土微生物量[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(4): 555-567. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18230
SHI Yu-long, GAO Pei-ling, LIU Xing-ren, ZHANG Qing-wen, ZHANG Ai-ping, YANG Zheng-li. Increased microbial biomass in coastal saline fields of North China Plain by application of biochar and organic manure[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 555-567. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18230
Citation: SHI Yu-long, GAO Pei-ling, LIU Xing-ren, ZHANG Qing-wen, ZHANG Ai-ping, YANG Zheng-li. Increased microbial biomass in coastal saline fields of North China Plain by application of biochar and organic manure[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(4): 555-567. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18230

生物炭和有机肥施用提高了华北平原滨海盐土微生物量

Increased microbial biomass in coastal saline fields of North China Plain by application of biochar and organic manure

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究施加不同量生物炭和有机肥对山东滨州滨海盐地土壤微生物量碳、氮 (MBC、MBN) 含量的影响,为改善盐地土壤环境质量和盐地的可持续利用提供科学依据。
    方法 试验共设置6个处理:CK (无机肥)、C1生物炭5 t/(hm2·a)、C2生物炭10 t/(hm2·a)、C3生物炭20 t/(hm2·a)、M1有机肥7.5 t/(hm2·a)、M2有机肥10 t/(hm2·a)。各处理均施加等量的N200 kg/(hm2·a)和P2O5120 kg/(hm2·a),生物炭和有机肥处理不足部分由尿素和磷酸二铵补充。生物炭、有机肥和基肥均分为玉米、小麦两季人工施入,每个处理3次重复,小区随机排列。在玉米和小麦的不同生育期,取0—20 cm和20—40 cm土样,测定土壤MBC和MBN、土壤pH、土壤含水量、硝态氮和铵态氮含量。
    结果 施加生物炭和有机肥均可增加土壤MBC和MBN。施用基肥5天后,生物炭和有机肥显著增加了土壤MBC和MBN含量,而追肥对土壤MBC和MBN的影响并不显著。生物炭处理土壤MBC变化范围在64.1~570.0 μg/g,有机肥处理变化范围在90.6~451.3 μg/g之间。C3、M1、M2处理均显著增加了0—40 cm土壤MBC (增幅在40.9%~118.4%之间) ,而C1、C2仅显著增加20—40 cm土层的MBC含量 (增幅分别为47.7%、60.0%) 。生物炭处理MBN含量在5.3~92.5 μg/g之间,与CK相比差异不显著;有机肥处理变化范围为4.2~163.9 μg/g,M1和M2显著增加了土壤MBN含量,增加幅度达56.4%~162.3%。生物炭和有机肥的施加对土壤pH影响显著,生物炭显著降低了20—40 cm的土壤pH,而有机肥显著降低了0—40 cm的土壤pH。相关分析表明,土壤pH与土壤MBC和MBN均呈极显著的负相关关系。土壤MBC和MBN均与土壤矿质氮表现出显著正相关关系。除M1处理玉米产量显著降低外,生物炭和有机肥的施加对玉米和小麦产量均没有产生显著影响。玉米季前期以细菌为主,后期则以真菌为主。小麦季MBC/MBN波动较大。
    结论 施加生物炭和有机肥对土壤MBC和MBN含量影响显著,对盐地土壤MBC和MBN均具促进作用。土壤MBC和MBN与土壤pH具有显著的负相关关系,与土壤矿质氮呈显著正相关关系,说明生物炭和有机肥的施加能够降低盐地土壤pH,增加土壤矿质氮,有利于盐地土壤环境质量的改善。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Changes of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (MBC, MBN) contents were studied by applying different rates of biochar and organic manure to coastal saline soils in Binzhou, Shandong Province, which could provide scientific basis for improving soil environmental quality and sustainable utilization of coastal saline soils.
    Methods An experiment of six treatments with three replications was established: CK, C1 biochar 5 t/(hm2·a), C2 biochar 10 t/(hm2·a), C3 biochar 20 t/(hm2·a), M1organic manure 7.5 t/(hm2·a) and M2 organic manure 10 t/(hm2·a). All treatments received the same amounts of N200 kg/(hm2·a) and P2O5 120 kg/(hm2·a), while the N and P2O5 deficiencies with biochar and organic fertilizer were supplemented by adding urea and diammonium phosphate. Biochar, organic manure and basal fertilizer were evenly applied to growing seasons of maize and wheat. At different growth stages of these crops, soil samples of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm were collected by soil sampling auger to determine soil MBC, MBN, soil pH, soil water content, NH4+-N and NO3-N.
    Results Both the biochar and organic manure treatments increased soil MBC and MBN. After 5 days of basal fertilization, biochar and organic manure significantly increased the contents of soil MBC and MBN. But the effects of top dressing on soil MBC and MBN were not significant. For the biochar treatments, the ranges of MBC were 64.1–570.0 μg/g, and those for the organic manure treatments were 90.6–451.3 μg/g. The treatments of C3, M1 and M2 significantly increased MBC in 0–40 cm soil by 40.9%–118.4%, while the C1 and C2 treatments only significantly increased MBC in 20–40 cm soils by 47.7%, 60%. For the biochar treatments, the ranges of MBN were 5.3–92.5 μg/g, and those for the organic manure treatments were 4.2–163.9 μg/g. However, the biochar treatments did not show significant differences compared with CK, while M1 and M2 increased soil MBN contents significantly by 56.4%–162.3%. The effect of biochar and organic manure on soil pH was significant, and biochar significantly reduced soil pH in 20–40 cm layer, while organic fertilizer significantly reduced soil pH in 0–40 cm layer. The correlation analysis results showed that soil pH had significant negative correlations with soil MBC and MBN. And both soil MBC and MBN showed significant positive correlation with soil mineral nitrogen. For crop yields, besides M1 in the maize season showed decrease significantly, the effects of biochar and organic manure on maize and wheat yields were not significant. Bacteria was dominated in the early stage of maize season, while fungus was the main components in the later stage. The MBC/MBN in the wheat season fluctuated greatly.
    Conclusions Biochar and organic manure significantly impacted soil MBC and MBN, and increased soil MBC and MBN in coastal saline soils. The soil MBC and MBN had significant negative correlations with soil pH and positive correlations with soil mineral nitrogen, which indicated that the application of biochar and organic manure had some positive effects on coastal saline land and increased the soil mineral nitrogen, which was beneficial to the improvement of soil environmental quality.

     

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