• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
金欣, 姚珊, BatbayarJavkhlan, 贾丽洁, 张树兰, 杨学云. 冬小麦–夏休闲体系作物产量和土壤磷形态对长期施肥的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1660-1671. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18260
引用本文: 金欣, 姚珊, BatbayarJavkhlan, 贾丽洁, 张树兰, 杨学云. 冬小麦–夏休闲体系作物产量和土壤磷形态对长期施肥的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1660-1671. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18260
JIN Xin, YAO Shan, Batbayar Javkhlan, JIA Li-jie, ZHANG Shu-lan, YANG Xue-yun. Response of wheat yield and soil phosphorus fractions to long-term fertilization under rainfed winter wheat–summer fallow cropping system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1660-1671. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18260
Citation: JIN Xin, YAO Shan, Batbayar Javkhlan, JIA Li-jie, ZHANG Shu-lan, YANG Xue-yun. Response of wheat yield and soil phosphorus fractions to long-term fertilization under rainfed winter wheat–summer fallow cropping system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1660-1671. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18260

冬小麦–夏休闲体系作物产量和土壤磷形态对长期施肥的响应

Response of wheat yield and soil phosphorus fractions to long-term fertilization under rainfed winter wheat–summer fallow cropping system

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究土壤无机磷和有机磷组分变化,有助于选择和优化特定作物体系下不同肥料管理措施,提高磷资源效率。
    方法 基于20年土冬小麦/夏休闲体系长期肥料定位试验,利用Tiessen-Moir磷素分级法,测定土壤无机磷和有机磷组分,并分析其与小麦磷吸收量、土壤磷表现平衡之间的关系。试验设7个处理:不施肥 (CK)、单施化学氮肥 (N)、氮钾化肥配施 (NK)、磷钾化肥配施 (PK)、氮磷化肥配施 (NP)、氮磷钾化肥配施 (NPK) 和氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥 (MNPK)。
    结果 旱作条件下,20年长期NP、NPK和MNPK处理较CK、N、NK、PK处理显著提高了小麦籽粒产量,年平均增产在205~265 kg/hm2之间,以MNPK增幅最高。NP、NPK和MNPK处理较CK处理显著提高了小麦籽粒和秸秆吸磷量。PK、NP、NPK、MNPK处理较CK处理显著提高了树脂磷 (Resin-P)、碳酸氢钠提取无机磷 (NaHCO3-Pi)、氢氧化钠提取无机磷 (NaOH-Pi)、浓盐酸提取无机磷 (C.HCl-Pi) 和残余磷 (Residual-P) 含量,显著降低了碳酸氢钠提取有机磷 (NaHCO3-Po) 和氢氧化钠提取有机磷 (NaOH-Po) 含量。PK、NP、NPK与CK相比,对稀盐酸提取无机磷 (D.HCl-Pi)、浓盐酸提取有机磷 (C. HCl-Po) 含量影响不大,而MNPK显著提高了D. HCl-Pi和C. HCl-Po含量。N、NK处理较CK显著增加了Residual-P和C. HCl-Po,显著降低了NaHCO3-Po和NaOH-Po,对Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi、C.HCl-Pi和D.HCl-Pi含量没有影响。与试验初始时相比,长期施用化学磷肥和有机肥主要增加了土壤中可利用态无机磷的比例,降低了残余态磷和有机磷的比例。土壤中Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi和C. HCl-Pi与小麦磷吸收量之间呈显著正相关关系。磷素盈余显著增加了D. HCl-Pi、Resin-P和NaHCO3-Pi的含量。
    结论 供试土壤条件下,NP、NPK和MNPK三种平衡施肥措施都不仅有利于作物增产,而且有利于保持高比例的土壤有效磷库。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Selection and optimization of fertilizer managements are very important for the improvement of phosphorus resource use efficiency. In this paper, the content of inorganic and organic phosphorus fractions of soils after being subjected to diverse long-term fertilization was determined, which will provide theoretical base for the choose of P management under a specific cropping system in loess soil.
    Methods The research was based on a 20-years’ fertilization experiment under rain-fed winter wheat–summer fallow cropping system (since 1990) on a loess soil. The long-term experiment was composed of seven treatments as no fertilizer control (CK), urea (N), urea and potassium sulfate (NK), super calcium phosphate and potassium sulfate (PK), NP, NPK, combination of NPK with organic manure (MNPK). The soil samples were collected in the top 0−20 cm layer. By employing the P fractionation method proposed by Hedley and lately modified by Tiessen and Moir, we investigated the inorganic and organic phosphorus fractions. We also analyzed the relationship between the above-ground phosphorus uptake of winter wheat and the contents of soil phosphorus fractions, and calculated the soil P balances of the corresponding treatments.
    Results The application of NP, NPK and MNPK brought significantly higher wheat yields than those of CK, N, NK and PK did, with annual yield increases of 205−265 kg/hm2, and the maximum grain yield was observed on MNPK plot. NP, NPK and MNPK fertilization also significantly enhanced the P uptake in both grain and straw as compared to CK. Compared with CK, soils in treatments of PK, NP, NPK and MNPK showed substantially higher inorganic phosphorus contents extracted by anionic exchange resin (Resin-P), NaHCO3 solution (NaHCO3-Pi), NaOH solution (NaOH-Pi), concentrated HCl (C.HCl-Pi) and the residual P fraction (Residual-P), while decreased the content of organic phosphorus extracted by NaHCO3 and NaOH (NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Po). Phosphorus application showed no effects on the contents of diluted HCl extracted inorganic phosphorus (D.HCl-Pi) and concentrated HCl extracted organic phosphorus (C.HCl-Po), while MNPK significantly increased the contents of D.HCl-Pi and C.HCl-Po. Although there were no clear changes in the contents of Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, C.HCl-Pi and D.HCl-Pi, the N and NK treatments significantly enhanced the contents of Residual-P and C.HCl-Po over CK treatment and decreased the contents of NaHCO3-Po and NaOH-Po. Compared with the initial soil sample, MNPK considerably enhanced the proportions of labile inorganic P to total P but decreased those of the Residual-P and organic P. The above-ground P uptake was positively and significantly correlated with the contents of Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi and C.HCl-Pi in plough layer soils. The contents of D.HCl-Pi, Resin-P and NaHCO3-Pi increased with the increasing P balance.
    Conclusions All the combined application methods of NP, NPK and MNPK have not only generated desired grain yield but also maintained high proportion of available phosphorus pool in plough layer soils under the tested soil condition.

     

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