• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
李秀丽, 郑绪峰, 姜远茂, 魏绍冲. 乙烯利对苹果矮化砧T337幼苗硝态氮吸收、分配和利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(7): 1204-1210. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18267
引用本文: 李秀丽, 郑绪峰, 姜远茂, 魏绍冲. 乙烯利对苹果矮化砧T337幼苗硝态氮吸收、分配和利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(7): 1204-1210. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18267
LI Xiu-li, ZHENG Xu-feng, JIANG Yuan-mao, WEI Shao-chong. Effect of ethephon on absorption, distribution and utilization of nitrate-nitrogen by T337 apple dwarf rootstock seedlings[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(7): 1204-1210. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18267
Citation: LI Xiu-li, ZHENG Xu-feng, JIANG Yuan-mao, WEI Shao-chong. Effect of ethephon on absorption, distribution and utilization of nitrate-nitrogen by T337 apple dwarf rootstock seedlings[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(7): 1204-1210. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18267

乙烯利对苹果矮化砧T337幼苗硝态氮吸收、分配和利用的影响

Effect of ethephon on absorption, distribution and utilization of nitrate-nitrogen by T337 apple dwarf rootstock seedlings

  • 摘要:
    目的 本试验探究叶片喷施乙烯利对苹果矮化砧T337幼苗15N-NO3吸收利用和分配的影响,为苹果生产中氮肥的合理施用提供科学依据。
    方法 供试材料为T337幼苗,进行水培试验。幼苗先在NO3 浓度为10 mmol/L 的改良Hoagland营养液中预处理32天,然后饥饿培养7天,进行乙烯利处理试验。试验设叶面喷施乙烯利200 μL/L (E1) 和400 μL/L (E2) 2个浓度,以喷清水为对照 (CK)。分别于喷施后第0、4、8、12、16、20天取样测定幼苗的根系活力,根部和叶片中硝酸还原酶活性及谷氨酰胺合成酶活性;于第20天 (试验结束),取样分析幼苗15N吸收、分配及利用率。
    结果 各处理苹果矮化砧T337幼苗根系活力随处理时间延长呈现先升后降的趋势,在第8天均达到最大值,不同处理间差异显著。6次取样检测结果,E1、E2处理的幼苗根系活力均明显高于CK,E2处理又高于E1。不同处理幼苗根和叶片中硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均在处理后第8天达到高峰。E1、E2处理的两种酶活性在处理后12天内高于对照,16~20天低于对照。对照和E1处理的幼苗叶片中硝酸还原酶活性在20天内一直高于同时期的根系,而E2处理只在12天内叶片硝酸还原酶活性高于根系,16天后根系高于叶片。E1处理叶片干重明显高于对照,E2处理根系和叶片干重分别比对照增加87.0%和28.8%,幼苗根冠比也显著高于对照。乙烯利能够明显提高幼苗氮肥利用率,促进氮素向幼苗根系部位分配。E1和E2处理15N利用率分别比对照高出3.44个百分点和15.32个百分点,根系15N分配率比对照分别高33.32%、67.40%。
    结论 叶面喷施乙烯利可以影响幼苗根系及叶片中硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,增加T337幼苗的生物量,提高根冠比;并且可显著提高幼苗对硝态氮的利用率,增大15N在幼苗根系中的分配率,其中以400 μL/L乙烯利的处理效果最好。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The effect of foliar spray of ethephon on the absorption, utilization and distribution of 15N-NO3 by seedlings of T337 apple dwarf rootstock was studied, to provide a reference for its rational application in apple production.
    Methods The seedlings of T337 were used as the tested materials in a pot experiment, in which the nutrients were supplied with Hoagland nutrient solution containing 10 mmol/L of NO3. The seedlings were cultured in normal solution until 10 leaves, and stopped nutrient supply for 7 days for ethephon treatment. The ethephon treatment concentrations were 200 μL/L (E1) and 400 μL/L (E2), using water spray as control (CK). Seedling samples were taken at the 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 days for the measurement of the root activity and the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) in roots and leaves. At the end of experiment (20 days after treatment), the absorption, distribution and utilization of 15N by seedlings were determined.
    Results The root activity of each treatment increased first and then decreased with the prolongation of the experiment time, and reached the maximum at the 8th day. The root activities in E1 and E2 were significantly higher than that in the control, and that of E2 was significantly higher than that of E1 as well. The activities of NR and GS in both the roots and leaves of all the three treatments increased first and then decreased within the treatment period, with the peak at the 8th day. The activities of the two enzymes in the roots of seedlings in E1 and E2 treatments were higher than those in CK, but those in the leaves were higher only within the first 12 days, and became lower afterward. The NR activity of leaf in E1 and CK were higher than that of root during the monitoring period, while the phenomenon only appeared in the first 12 days in E2, and became opposite from 16 days to 20 days. Ethephon treatment significantly increased the biomass of seedlings. The dry leaf biomass of E1 was significantly higher than that of CK. The root and leaf dry biomass of E2 were 87.0% and 28.8% higher than those of CK, and the root-shoot ratio of seedlings was significantly increased as result. The 15N utilization rates in E1 and E2 treatments were increased by 3.44 and 15.32 percentage points, and the root distribution rates were increased by 33.3% and 67.4% respectively, compared with CK.
    Conclusions Foliar spray of ethephon could affect the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in root and leaf of T337 seedling, increase the biomass and root-shoot ratio, and lead to significant increase of the use of nitrate nitrogen and increase of the distribution rate of 15N in seedling root. Among them, the best result was treated with 400 μL/L ethephon.

     

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