• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
魏文静, 李廷轩, 张锡洲. 矿山生态型水蓼对施用猪粪土壤中磷的吸取净化效果[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(7): 1166-1172. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18282
引用本文: 魏文静, 李廷轩, 张锡洲. 矿山生态型水蓼对施用猪粪土壤中磷的吸取净化效果[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(7): 1166-1172. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18282
WEI Wen-jing, LI Ting-xuan, ZHANG Xi-zhou. Phytoextraction efficiency of P by mining ecotype of Polygonum hydropiper grown in soils amended with swine manure[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(7): 1166-1172. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18282
Citation: WEI Wen-jing, LI Ting-xuan, ZHANG Xi-zhou. Phytoextraction efficiency of P by mining ecotype of Polygonum hydropiper grown in soils amended with swine manure[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(7): 1166-1172. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18282

矿山生态型水蓼对施用猪粪土壤中磷的吸取净化效果

Phytoextraction efficiency of P by mining ecotype of Polygonum hydropiper grown in soils amended with swine manure

  • 摘要:
    目的 针对猪粪不合理利用导致土壤中磷过剩和磷流失的突出问题,明确磷富集植物矿山生态型水蓼 (Polygonum hydropiper) 对施用猪粪土壤磷的吸取净化效果,为高效提取施用猪粪土壤中的过量磷,降低磷素的流失风险提供科学依据。
    方法 采用微区模拟试验,根据农田磷肥安全用量 (< 200 kg/hm2),设1、2、3 kg/m2共3个猪粪用量,以不施猪粪为对照 (CK),共4个处理,每处理3次重复。在矿山生态型水蓼收获期 (移栽后3个月) 采集植物地上部,采用微波消解仪 (CEM MARS5, USA) 消解—全自动间断化学分析仪 (AQ2, UK) 测定植株磷含量,分析矿山生态型水蓼对猪粪处理土壤中磷的富集能力。在矿山生态型水蓼移栽前和收获后按5点采样法分别采取0—20 cm和20—40 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤样品中的水溶性磷和有效磷含量,分析种植矿山生态型水蓼前后猪粪处理土壤中易溶性磷含量的变化情况。
    结果 不同用量猪粪处理下,矿山生态型水蓼地上部生物量较不施猪粪处理分别显著增加了18.4、24.6和42.0 g/株,最大时高达不施猪粪处理的2.16倍。各猪粪处理矿山生态型水蓼地上部磷含量显著高于不施猪粪处理,较不施猪粪处理分别增高了0.60、0.91和1.49 g/kg,最高为施猪粪处理的1.53倍。矿山生态型水蓼地上部磷积累量随猪粪用量的增加而显著增大,较不施猪粪处理分别增加了P 84.0、124和236 mg/株,最高为不施猪粪处理的3.32倍。各处理下,种植矿山生态型水蓼后0—20 cm土层中的水溶性磷和有效磷含量与种植前相比均显著降低,水溶性磷含量降低了74.9%~81.5%,有效磷含量降低了48.9%~60.0%;20—40 cm土层的水溶性磷和有效磷含量均无明显变化。
    结论 种植矿山生态型水蓼能显著减少表层土壤中水溶性磷和有效磷量,高效吸取净化猪粪带入土壤中磷。因此,在高磷含量的土壤上种植、收获矿山生态型水蓼,是降低土壤磷素流失风险的有效生物手段。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Excess phosphorus (P) in soil is concerned for easy loss into environment. The phytoextraction efficiency of P by mining ecotypic Polygonum hydropiper (ME), a P enriching plant, was investigated for the effective remediation of excess P from soils and reduced risk of P loss.
    Methods A field plot experiment was conducted with 4 swine manure application rates of 0 (CK), 1, 2, 3 kg/m2 with 3 replicates based on the safety rate of P fertilization in farmland (< 200 kg/hm2). The shoots of the ME were harvested after 3 months of transplanting and digested with a microwave digestion system (CEM MARS5, USA). The P contents in plant samples were determined by an auto discrete analyzer (AQ2, UK). Soil samples in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers before transplanting and after harvest were obtained using the five-point sampling method. The concentrations of water-soluble P and available P in soils were measured.
    Results The shoot biomasses of ME with different dosages of swine manure treatments were significantly greater than that of CK, with the increase of 18.4, 24.6 and 42.0 g/plant. The shoot biomass of ME in treatment of 3 kg/m2 swine manure was 2.16 times greater than that of CK. P concentrations in the shoots of ME applied with different dosages of swine manure were significantly greater than that of CK, with the increase of 0.60, 0.91 and 1.49 g/kg respectively. The P content in shoot of ME in treatment of 3 kg/m2 swine manure was 1.53 times greater than that of CK. Compared with CK, P accumulations in shoots of ME significantly increased with increasing application rate of swine manure, with the increments of P 84.0, 124 and 236 mg/plant respectively for the three manure dosage treatments. The P accumulation in shoots of ME under treatment of 3 kg/m2 swine manure was 3.32 times greater than that of CK. The concentrations of water-soluble P and available P in the 0–20 cm soil layer after harvest decreased by 74.9%–81.5% and 48.9–60.0% respectively, compared with those before transplanting. However, no significant changes were observed for the concentrations of water-soluble P and available P in the 20–40 cm soil layer.
    Conclusions Mine ecotype of Polygonum hydropiper was proved to be an efficient plant for phytoextraction of P brought into soils by swine manure application. The significant decrease of water soluble and available P in surface soils reduce the possible P loss into environment.

     

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