• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
刘领, 悦飞雪, 李继伟, 李冬, 王艳芳. 镉胁迫下生物炭与锌/钾叶面肥促进烟草生长降低镉富集的协同效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(6): 982-990. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18283
引用本文: 刘领, 悦飞雪, 李继伟, 李冬, 王艳芳. 镉胁迫下生物炭与锌/钾叶面肥促进烟草生长降低镉富集的协同效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(6): 982-990. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18283
LIU Ling, YUE Fei-xue, LI Ji-wei, LI Dong, WANG Yan-fang. Interaction between biochar and Zn or K foliar fertilizer on the growth and Cd uptake of tobacco under cadmium stress[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(6): 982-990. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18283
Citation: LIU Ling, YUE Fei-xue, LI Ji-wei, LI Dong, WANG Yan-fang. Interaction between biochar and Zn or K foliar fertilizer on the growth and Cd uptake of tobacco under cadmium stress[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(6): 982-990. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18283

镉胁迫下生物炭与锌/钾叶面肥促进烟草生长降低镉富集的协同效应

Interaction between biochar and Zn or K foliar fertilizer on the growth and Cd uptake of tobacco under cadmium stress

  • 摘要:
    目的 生物炭和叶面肥在单独调控重金属胁迫条件下植物生长及重金属离子吸收方面的应用价值已被一些研究证实,然而它们在土壤重金属镉污染修复中的耦合效应及其机制尚不十分清楚。烟草为镉易富集植物,研究生物炭和锌/钾叶面肥单施或联合施用对烟草生长和镉富集特性的影响,为镉污染土壤的修复及烟草安全生产提供理论依据。
    方法 采用盆栽模拟轻度土壤镉污染胁迫试验,供试烟草品种为‘中烟100’。设置6个试验处理:对照 (CK)、土施生物炭20 g/kg (B)、喷施0.5%ZnSO4叶面肥 (Zn)、喷施0.5%KH2PO4叶面肥 (K)、生物炭 + 喷施ZnSO4叶面肥 (B + Zn)、生物炭 + 喷施KH2PO4叶面肥 (B + K),每个处理重复8次。将烟草分割为根、茎、下部叶 (从下到上1~5片)、中部叶 (6~10片)、上部叶 (11~15片) 5部分。测定株高、生物量、丙二醛含量 (MAD)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性、烟株各部位的镉含量,计算了镉富集和转运系数,分析了土壤中镉形态的变化。
    结果 1) 单独施用叶面肥较单独施用生物炭更有利于增强镉胁迫下叶片的抗氧化性能,促进烟株生长。与B处理相比,Zn和K处理的MDA含量分别降低12.8%和15.1%,POD活性分别增加32.2%和29.9%,CAT活性分别增加25.5%和18.2% (P < 0.05),Zn和K两处理之间的抗氧化酶活性无显著差异 (P > 0.05)。单独施用生物炭较单独施用叶面肥更有利于降低土壤中镉的生物有效性。与Zn和K处理相比,B处理的土壤弱酸提取态镉含量分别降低19.0%和19.3%,可还原态镉含量分别降低22.3%和23.9% (P < 0.05)。单独喷施叶面肥对土壤镉形态无显著影响 (P > 0.05)。2) 生物炭和叶面肥配施具有叠加效应,且B + Zn处理对促进镉胁迫下烟株生长和减少烟株镉吸收方面效果大于B + K处理。与CK、B、Zn处理相比,B + Zn处理的株高分别增加52.8%、25.9%和11.8%,地上干重分别增加146%、89.1%和45.3%,SOD活性分别增加29.8%、19.7%和11.0%,POD活性分别增加94.0%、64.1%和24.1%,CAT活性分别增加183.8%、90.9%和52.2%,烟株根镉含量分别减少53.9%、25.2%和31.6%,茎镉含量分别减少74.5%、53.9%和63.7%,上部叶镉含量分别减少63.1%、18.8%和40.1%,中部叶镉含量分别减少63.6%、27.7%和35.3%,下部叶镉含量分别减少63.8%、34.1%和46.9%,烟株镉生物富集系数分别降低64.4%、31.0%和48.4%,镉生物转运系数分别降低33.3%、20.2%和28.5%,土壤中弱酸提取态镉含量分别降低19.5%、7.5%和19.0%,土壤中还原态镉含量分别降低22.9%、2.0%和20.8%,土壤中可氧化态镉含量分别增加62.5%、5.6%和54.6%,土壤中残渣态镉含量分别增加206.9%、10.7%和174.7%。与B + K处理相比,B + Zn处理的烟株地上干重增加18.3%,上部叶、中部叶、下部叶镉含量分别减少8.4%、13.9%和16.9%,镉生物富集系数和转运系数分别降低20.8%和8.5%。
    结论 在镉污染胁迫下,土施生物炭可以降低土壤中镉的生物有效性,减少烟草的吸收。叶面喷施锌、钾肥可以提高烟草植株的抗氧化性能,促进烟株生长。生物炭配合叶面肥具有明显的协同作用,降低烟草中镉的运转系数和富集系数的效果显著高于锌/钾叶面肥单独施用。在本试验条件下,生物炭配合喷施硫酸锌的效果好于生物炭配合喷施磷酸二氢钾,可作为提高烟草生产安全及土壤镉污染修复的一项有效措施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective Biochar and foliar fertilizers have been proved of effect on regulating heavy metal absorption and promoting growth of plants under heavy metal stress. This study evaluated the synergy of biochar and Zn/K foliar fertilizer, in order to find a better measurement for the efficient tobacco production in Cd- stress soil.
    Methods Cd level of 3 mg/kg was added into a soil to stimulate slight Cd contamination in the pot experiment. The tested tobacco was Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Zhongyan 100, a liable Cd bio-concentrated cultivar. There were 6 treatments: without wheat-straw made biochar or foliar fertilization (CK), base application of biochar 20 g/kg (B), foliar spray 0.5% ZnSO4 (Zn), foliar spray 0.5% KH2PO4 (K), biochar + Zn spray (B + Zn) and biochar + K spray (B + K). The tobacco plant height, biomass were measured, and malonaldehyde (MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and Cd contents of plant parts were determined. Cd bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated. The contents of different Cd fractions in soils were analyzed.
    Results 1) Foliar fertilization was more favorable to increase tobacco antioxidant abilities and facilitate tobacco growth than biochar did. Compared with B, the MDA contents of Zn and K treatments decreased by 12.8% and 15.1%, POD activities increased by 32.2% and 29.9%, CAT activities increased by 25.5% and 18.2% (P < 0.05). MDA content and antioxidant enzymes activities had no significant difference between Zn and K treatments (P > 0.05). Biochar application was more effective in decreasing bioavailability of soil Cd than Zn and K treatments. Compared with Zn and K treatments, the soil acid-soluble Cd of B treatment was decreased by 19.0% and 19.3%, reducible Cd by 22.3% and 23.9% (P < 0.05). Foliar fertilizers had no significant effects on soil Cd forms when compared to CK (P > 0.05). 2) Combination of biochar with foliar fertilizer had synergy effect. Compared with CK, B and Zn treatments, the plant height of B + Zn treatment increased by 52.8%, 25.9% and 11.8%, the shoot biomass by 146%, 89.1% and 45.3%, the SOD activity by 29.8%, 19.7% and 11.0%, POD activity by 94.0%, 64.1% and 24.1%, CAT activity increased by 183.8%, 90.9% and 52.2%; the Cd content in root decreased by 53.9%, 25.2% and 31.6%, in stem decreased by 74.5%, 53.9% and 63.7%, in upper leaves decreased by 63.1%, 18.8% and 40.1%, in middle leaves decreased by 63.6%, 27.7% and 35.3%, in lower leaves decreased by 63.8%, 34.1% and 46.9%; the Cd bio-concentration factor was decreased by 64.4%, 31.0% and 48.4%, the Cd translocation factor decreased by 33.3%, 20.2% and 28.5%; the soil acid-soluble Cd decreased by 19.5%, 7.5% and 19.0%, the soil reducible Cd decreased by 22.9%, 2.0% and 20.8%, the soil oxidizable Cd increased by 62.5%, 5.6% and 54.6%, the soil residue Cd was increased by 207%, 10.7% and 175%, respectively. Compared with B + K treatment, the shoot biomass of B+Zn treatment increased by 18.3%, the Cd contents of upper leaves, middle leaves and lower leaves decreased by 8.4%, 13.9% and 16.9%, the Cd bio-concentration factor and translocation factor reduced by 20.8% and 8.5%.
    Conclusions In Cd stress soil, biochar could decrease the bioavailability of Cd, while Zn and K foliar application could increase the antioxidant abilities and promote the resistance to Cd and growth of tobacco plants, and the combination of them shows significant higher synergy in the beneficial effect than those did the individual use. Under the tested conditions, combination of biochar with ZnSO4 performs better than with KH2PO4 did, showing promising measurement for efficient and safe tobacco production.

     

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