• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
陈延华, 王乐, 张淑香, 任意, 李春花, 徐明岗, 赵同科. 长期施肥下褐土生产力的演变及其影响因素[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1445-1455. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18314
引用本文: 陈延华, 王乐, 张淑香, 任意, 李春花, 徐明岗, 赵同科. 长期施肥下褐土生产力的演变及其影响因素[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2018, 24(6): 1445-1455. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18314
CHEN Yan-hua, WANG Le, ZHANG Shu-xiang, REN Yi, LI Chun-hua, XU Ming-gang, ZHAO Tong-ke. Evolution of cinnamon soil productivity and the main influencing factors under long-term fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1445-1455. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18314
Citation: CHEN Yan-hua, WANG Le, ZHANG Shu-xiang, REN Yi, LI Chun-hua, XU Ming-gang, ZHAO Tong-ke. Evolution of cinnamon soil productivity and the main influencing factors under long-term fertilization[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(6): 1445-1455. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18314

长期施肥下褐土生产力的演变及其影响因素

Evolution of cinnamon soil productivity and the main influencing factors under long-term fertilization

  • 摘要:
    目的 土壤生产力提升和稳定是农业可持续发展的基础。研究过去30年间常规施肥条件下,褐土生产力的变化,厘清影响褐土生产力水平的主要因素,为褐土的培肥改良和生产力提升提供理论依据。
    方法 基于全国28个长期定位试验点的褐土定位试验,分析了29年 (1988—2016) 不施肥和常规施肥两个处理的土壤肥力指标,并运用主成分分析方法分析了地力和施肥因素对产量的影响。
    结果 1) 不施肥处理小麦和玉米产量均为先降低后缓慢升高,均值分别为3175和4056 kg/hm2;常规施肥处理小麦产量逐渐升高,玉米产量趋于平稳,均值分别为6124和7432 kg/hm2;小麦和玉米的增产量先升高后降低,均值分别为2901和3429 kg/hm2。施肥提高了作物产量的可持续性指数 (SYI),小麦和玉米SYI值分别为0.57和0.54,分别提高了54.82%和52.49%;降低了变异系数 (CV),小麦和玉米分别降低了44.70%和40.77%。2) 褐土区小麦季和玉米季地力贡献率分别为53.0%和54.2%,变异系数分别为41.2%和37.6%。肥料总量的农学效率,小麦先升高后降低,均值为6.36 kg/kg,玉米先降低后趋于平稳,均值为13.89 kg/kg。氮肥农学效率随施肥年数增加而降低。3) 主成分分析结果表明,影响小麦产量的5个主成分的累积贡献率为71.729%,影响玉米产量的4个主成分的累积贡献率为67.948%,对于两种作物,有机肥用量的影响最大,其次是土壤全氮和有机质含量。
    结论 褐土区土壤生产力受有机肥用量和土壤全氮、有机质含量的影响最大,因此褐土区生产力的提高与地力的提升和肥料的科学施用密切相关。地力提升可以采取秸秆还田、施用有机肥等措施;肥料施用需要适当提高磷肥的比例,降低氮肥的比例,同时适当提高有机肥的比例。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Soil productivity is one of the key factors affecting the sustainable development of agriculture. The study examined the effect of non-fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (conventional fertilization) on cinnamon soil productivity, and the aim was to provide theoretical basis for the improvement of fertilization and productivity of cinnamon soil.
    Methods The research was based on the 28 long-term experiments of cinnamon soils located in Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Henan and Shannxi. The organic matter, total nitrogen, available P and available K contents were measured in the soils from the treatments of blank control and conventional fertilization from 1988 to 2016. The yield variation of maize and wheat with the experimental years were investigated. The productivity evolution of cinnamon soil was analyzed, and the key factors of soil fertility and fertilization factors that governed crop yield were elucidated by principal component analysis (PCA).
    Results 1) Both the yields of wheat and corn in blank control fields decreased firstly and then increased slowly, and the average yields were 3175 and 4056 kg/hm2, respectively. The wheat yields in conventional fertilization fields increased gradually and the average was 6124 kg/hm2; the corn yields tended to be stable and the average was 7432 kg/hm2. The degree of increase for the wheat and corn yields firstly increased and then decreased, with the mean increase of 2901 and 3429 kg/hm2, respectively. The sustainable yield indices (SYI) of wheat and corn were 0.57 and 0.54 under fertilization treatments, which were 54.82% and 52.49% higher than those in CK. The coefficients of variation (CV) of wheat and corn yields were decreased by 44.70% and 40.77%, respectively. 2) The contribution rates of soil natural fertility of wheat and corn season were 53.0% and 54.2% for the fertilization treatment compared to the non-fertilization treatment respectively, and the CV were 41.2% and 37.6%, respectively. The fertilizer agronomic efficiency of wheat increased firstly and then decreased with a mean value of 6.36 kg/kg, while that of corn decreased firstly and then stabilized with a mean value of 13.89 kg/kg. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer decreased with fertilization years. 3) There were five principal components affecting wheat yield and the cumulative contribution was 71.729%; and there were four principal components affecting maize yield with the cumulative contribution of 67.948%. For the two crops, the rate of organic manure was the most important factor, followed by soil total nitrogen and organic matter content.
    Conclusion The productivity of cinnamon soil is affected by the rate of organic manure, the contents of soil total nitrogen and organic matter. Therefore, the increase of productivity of cinnamon soil area is significantly influenced by the improvement of soil fertility and the reasonable application of fertilizer. In order to improve soil fertility, it is suggested that straw should be returned to the field, organic fertilizer be applied, the proportion of phosphorus fertilizer be increased appropriately, the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer be reduced, and the proportion of organic fertilizer be increased.

     

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