• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
侯凯旋, 崔洁亚, 张晓军, 司彤, 王月福, 王铭伦, 邹晓霞. 膜下滴灌花生适宜追肥时期和次数研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(6): 1056-1063. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18323
引用本文: 侯凯旋, 崔洁亚, 张晓军, 司彤, 王月福, 王铭伦, 邹晓霞. 膜下滴灌花生适宜追肥时期和次数研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(6): 1056-1063. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18323
HOU Kai-xuan, CUI Jie-ya, ZHANG Xiao-jun, SI Tong, WANG Yue-fu, WANG Ming-lun, ZOU Xiao-xia. Optimum topdressing timing and frequency for peanut yield under drip fertigation beneath film-mulch[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(6): 1056-1063. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18323
Citation: HOU Kai-xuan, CUI Jie-ya, ZHANG Xiao-jun, SI Tong, WANG Yue-fu, WANG Ming-lun, ZOU Xiao-xia. Optimum topdressing timing and frequency for peanut yield under drip fertigation beneath film-mulch[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(6): 1056-1063. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18323

膜下滴灌花生适宜追肥时期和次数研究

Optimum topdressing timing and frequency for peanut yield under drip fertigation beneath film-mulch

  • 摘要:
    目的 为建立节水省肥高效花生栽培技术体系,本文研究了膜下滴灌追肥时期和次数对花生生长发育和产量的影响,明确膜下滴灌条件下花生高产栽培适宜的追肥时期和次数,探究出适用于花生生产的高效水肥一体化管理方式。
    方法 于2017年在青岛农业大学胶州现代科技示范园,以花生品种青花7号为试材,进行了一垄双行膜下滴灌施肥田间试验。以不灌水不追肥为对照 (CK),在花生生育期间施肥总量相同的前提下,设置7种追肥方式,分别为:花针期追施1次肥 (N),结荚期追施1次肥 (P),饱果期追施1次肥 (F),花针期和结荚期分别追施1次肥 (NP),花针期和饱果期分别追施1次肥 (NF),结荚期和饱果期分别追施1次肥 (PF),花针期、结荚期和饱果期分别追施1次肥 (NPF),共8个处理。分别于花针期施肥前1天和施肥后12天、结荚期施肥前1天和施肥后12天、饱果期施肥前1天和施肥后12天、收获期取样,调查入土果针数和未入土果针数、单株荚果数。在收获期测定荚果产量、百果重、百仁重、荚果数、籽仁重、出仁率。
    结果 就追肥时期而言,追肥效果为花针期 > 结荚期 > 饱果期;就追肥次数而言,2~3次追肥效果优于1次追肥。花生生育期间只追肥1次的情况下,以花针期追肥增产幅度最高,结荚期追肥次之,饱果期追肥最低,分别较对照增产18%、15%和8%;花生生育期间追肥2次,则以花针期和结荚期追肥增产幅度最高,花针期和饱果期追肥次之,结荚期和饱果期追肥最低,分别较对照增产38%、24%和20%;花生生育期间追肥3次 (花针期、结荚期和饱果期),较对照增产27%。各处理比对照花生百果重分别增加5%、6%、7%、15%、11%、11%、15%;百仁重分别增加1%、3%、2%、5%、5%、6%和7%;荚果数分别提高23%、21%、17%、51%、30%、36%和49%;籽仁重分别提高14%、21%、18%、43%、23%、27%和30%;出仁率分别提高5%、2%、2%、5%、3%、3%和5%。
    结论 在本试验条件下,追肥时期越早、前期追肥量越大越有利于促进花生果针的形成、入土和结果。综合考虑滴灌追肥成本及效益,花生生育期内追肥2次,即在花针期和结荚期追肥对花生生长和产量表现最优,可作为花生水肥一体高效施肥管理措施。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives In order to establish a high efficiency peanut cultivation technology system for water and fertilizer saving, this paper studied the effect of different topdressing timings and frequencies on peanut growth and yield under underneath film mulched drip fertigation. Based on the results, it was determined the suitable topdressing timings and frequencies for high-yield peanut under mulched drip fertigation, and explored a high-efficiency integrated water and fertilizer management mode for peanut production.
    Methods A field experiment was conducted using peanut cultivar of Arachis hypogaea Linn. cv. Qinghua7 as material in Jiaozhou Modern Science and Technology Demonstrative Plantation of Qingdao Agricultural University in 2017. Plastic film was mulched on one ridge and a drip irrigation tube was underneath for 2 rows of peanut water supply. Taking no fertigation as control (CK), seven topdressing treatments were set with the same amount of fertilizer, they were: once topdressing in needling period (N), in podding period (P) and in full fruiting period (F), and twice topdressings in needling + podding periods (NP), in needling + full fruiting periods (NF), and in podding + full fruiting periods (PF), and thrice topdressings in needling + podding + full fruiting periods (NPF). Seven samplings were made at 1 day before flower needle stage fertigation and 12 days after, 1 day before podding stage fertigation and 12 days after, 1 day before full fruiting stage fertigation and 12 days after, and harvest period. Needle number intruding soil surface and that still stagnated on ground and fruit number per plant of peanut under different topdressing treatments were investigated and analyzed, and the pod yield, 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, valid pod number, seed weight per plant and shelling percentage were measured at harvest time.
    Results As to topdressing timing, the effect of topdressing in the flowering needle period was better than that in pod-setting and full fruiting periods, but as for the topdressing frequency, the effects of twice or thrice topdressings were better than once. In case of once topdressing, treatment N made the highest yield, next to it was P and the lowest was F. Compared to CK, the yield increased by 18.3%, 15.4% and 8.1%, respectively. As for twice topdressing, the highest yield increase was with NP, followed by NF and the lowest was PF. Their yields were increased by 38.0%, 23.7% and 19.7% respectively. The yield under NPF was increased by 26.5%. Compared to CK, the peanut 100-pod weights in treatment N, P, F, NP, NF, PF and NPF were increased by 5%, 6%, 7%, 15%, 11%, 11% and 15%, respectively; 100-seed weights increased by 1%, 3%, 2%, 5%, 5%, 6% and 7%, respectively; the pod number per plant increased by 23%, 21%, 17%, 51%, 30%, 36% and 49%, respectively; seed weights per plant increased by 14%, 21%, 18%, 43%, 23%, 27% and 30%, respectively; and percentage of shelling increased by 5%, 2%, 2%, 5%, 3%, 3% and 5%, respectively.
    Conclusions Under the conditions of this experiment, earlier and more frequencies of topdressing are conducive to promote the fruit needle formation and intrusion, thus lead to higher biomass and pod yield. Considering the cost and benefit of topdressing, twice topdressings in flowering needle and pod-setting periods is recommended as a high-efficient fertigation measurement for peanut production.

     

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