• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
马凌云, 王月, 蔡芳芳, 张诗雨, 罗培宇, 杨劲峰, 韩晓日. 长期施用含氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(5): 824-831. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18328
引用本文: 马凌云, 王月, 蔡芳芳, 张诗雨, 罗培宇, 杨劲峰, 韩晓日. 长期施用含氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(5): 824-831. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18328
MA Ling-yun, WANG Yue, CAI Fang-fang, ZHANG Shi-yu, LUO Pei-yu, YANG Jin-feng, HAN Xiao-ri. Effects of long-term application of chlorinated fertilizer on nitrification and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in brown soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(5): 824-831. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18328
Citation: MA Ling-yun, WANG Yue, CAI Fang-fang, ZHANG Shi-yu, LUO Pei-yu, YANG Jin-feng, HAN Xiao-ri. Effects of long-term application of chlorinated fertilizer on nitrification and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in brown soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(5): 824-831. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18328

长期施用含氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响

Effects of long-term application of chlorinated fertilizer on nitrification and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms in brown soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 氨氧化微生物是氨氧化过程的主要驱动者,氨氧化过程作为硝化作用的限速步骤对氮循环具有重要作用。本研究以沈阳农业大学棕壤含氯化肥长期定位试验的土壤为研究对象,探讨了连续34年施用高氯和低氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物的影响。
    方法 该长期试验在等量氮、磷、钾条件下,设置高氯和低氯处理,共8个处理:T1 (不施肥);T2 (单施尿素);T3 (尿素 + 氯化钾);T4 (尿素 + 过磷酸钙);T5 (尿素 + 过磷酸钙 + 氯化钾);T6 (尿素 + 磷酸一铵 + 氯化钾);T7 (尿素 + 氯磷铵 + 氯化钾);T8 (硝酸磷肥 + 过磷酸钙 + 氯化钾),T7为高氯处理。采集0—20 cm土壤样品,利用荧光定量PCR技术测定氨氧化细菌 (AOB) 和古菌 (AOA) 丰度,并结合土壤硝化潜势和基本化学性质,分析长期施用含氯化肥对棕壤硝化作用及氨氧化微生物丰度的影响及影响氨氧化微生物丰度的主要环境因素。
    结果 长期施肥降低了土壤pH值,高氯处理降低得最多,显著低于其他处理;高氯处理的土壤硝化潜势也显著低于其他处理,且除高氯处理外,配施磷肥的处理土壤硝化潜势显著高于不施磷处理。各处理土壤中AOA丰度均显著高于AOB,高氯处理土壤中AOA、AOB丰度均显著低于其他处理,土壤硝化潜势与AOA和AOB均呈显著正相关关系。
    结论 连续施用高氯化肥34年显著降低了棕壤AOA和AOB丰度,抑制了硝化潜势。该结果可为通过含氯化肥的合理施用来调节土壤AOA和AOB,进而调控土壤氮素循环提供参考。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms are the main drivers of ammonia oxidation process. Ammoxidation process as a rate-limiting step of nitrification plays an important role in nitrogen cycle. We used the soil of a long-term experimental site in the brown soil of Shenyang Agricultural University, the effects of continuous application of high chloride and low chlorinated fertilizer on the nitrification and ammonia oxidizing microorganisms.
    Methods The long-term experimental was carried out using equal amounts of N, P and K with high and low chlorine treatment, with a total of 8 treatments: T1, no fertilization control; T2, application of urea; T3, urea + potassium chloride; T4, urea + calcium superphosphate; T5, urea + calcium superphosphate + potassium chloride; T6, urea + monoammonium phosphate + potassium chloride; T7, urea + chloroammonium phosphate + potassium chloride; and T8, nitrophosphate fertilizer + superphosphate + potassium chloride. Among them, urea + chloroammonium phosphate + potassium chloride was high chlorine treatment. The 0–20 cm soil samples were collected and the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) was determined by the real-time PCR. Combined with soil nitrification potential and basic chemical properties, analysis was conducted on the effects of long-term application of chlorinated fertilizer on the abundance of microorganisms and the main environmental factors affecting the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms.
    Results Long-term fertilization reduced soil pH, especially with the high Cl treatment. In the high Cl treatment, soil nitrification potential was also significantly lower than other treatments. The nitrification potential of soil treated with phosphate fertilizer was significantly higher than that without phosphorus treatment. The abundance of AOA in each treated soil was significantly higher than that of AOB and the abundance of AOA and AOB in high Cl treated soil was significantly lower than other fertilization treatments, and the soil nitrification potential was significantly and positively correlated with AOA and AOB.
    Conclusions After 34 years of continuous application of high chloride fertilizer, the abundance of AOA and AOB in brown soil was significantly reduced, and the nitrification potential was inhibited. The test results can provide a reference for rational application of chloride fertilizers to regulate AOA and AOB, which in turn regulates soil nitrogen cycle.

     

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