• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
牛昱涵, 施曼, 王心怡, 李江叶, 张维国, 陈金林, 高岩, 梁永超. 苏南地区农业土地利用方式改变对土壤理化及生物学性质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1657-1668. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18410
引用本文: 牛昱涵, 施曼, 王心怡, 李江叶, 张维国, 陈金林, 高岩, 梁永超. 苏南地区农业土地利用方式改变对土壤理化及生物学性质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1657-1668. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18410
NIU Yu-han, SHI Man, WANG Xin-yi, LI Jiang-ye, ZHANG Wei-guo, CHEN Jin-lin, GAO Yan, LIANG Yong-chao. Influence of agricultural land use changes on soil physiochemical and biological characteristics in Southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(10): 1657-1668. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18410
Citation: NIU Yu-han, SHI Man, WANG Xin-yi, LI Jiang-ye, ZHANG Wei-guo, CHEN Jin-lin, GAO Yan, LIANG Yong-chao. Influence of agricultural land use changes on soil physiochemical and biological characteristics in Southern Jiangsu Province[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(10): 1657-1668. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18410

苏南地区农业土地利用方式改变对土壤理化及生物学性质的影响

Influence of agricultural land use changes on soil physiochemical and biological characteristics in Southern Jiangsu Province

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究苏南地区稻麦轮作农田转变为桃园对土壤理化及生物学性质的影响,旨在为苏南地区土地合理利用和土壤质量管理提供数据支撑。
    方法 于2017年麦季 (5月) 和稻季 (7月) 采集研究区稻麦轮作田及由其改为桃园的土壤样品,采用常规方法测定土壤理化性质,96微孔酶标板荧光分析法测定土壤酶活性,实时荧光定量方法测定细菌16S rRNA和真菌ITS基因丰度。
    结果 当土地利用方式由稻麦轮作田转变为桃园后,土壤理化性质发生明显变化。与水旱轮作田相比,桃园土壤容重增加,总孔隙度没有明显改变,但毛管孔隙度显著降低,而非毛管孔隙度显著增加,土壤更加紧实,pH有进一步降低的趋势;土壤有机质含量下降,全磷和有效磷含量增加;土壤细菌16S rRNA基因丰度下降,真菌ITS rRNA基因丰度升高,有机质降解的微生物群落由“细菌型”向“真菌型”转化。相应地,土壤中与氮转化相关酶和过氧化氢酶活性降低。从春季到夏季,稻麦轮作田和桃园土壤有机碳含量均下降,稻田降幅较大。另外,两种利用方式下土壤的细菌16S rRNA基因丰度、真菌ITS rRNA基因丰度、纤维素酶和蔗糖酶的活性均显著下降。
    结论 苏南地区农业土地利用方式的转变显著增加了土壤容重,改变了土壤孔隙性,增加了土壤全磷和有效磷含量,降低了土壤pH,进而大幅度降低了土壤中氮转化酶活性,并促使土壤微生物菌群由细菌型向真菌型转变,最终影响土壤的养分循环及固碳潜力。因此,土地利用方式改变后,应注重土壤养分的管理。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The changes in soil physiochemical and biological properties, which might be induced by recent agricultural land use type change (ALUT) in Southern Jiangsu Province, were investigated. The results would provide valuable information concerning the soil fertility response to typical ALUT changes, and used for soil quality assessment and land use management.
    Methods Soil samples from paddy field and peach orchard that was converted from paddy field for several years were collected in May (wheat-growing season) and July (rice-growing season) of 2017, respectively. Soil physical and chemical properties were measured using routine methods, enzyme activities using 96 microwell ELISA plate fluorescence analysis method, bacteria 16s rRNA gene abundance and fungal ITS gene abundance using quantitative real-time PCR.
    Results Compared with paddy soil, the soil bulk densities were increased, the total pores volumes were not changed significantly, but the capillary pores were decreased and non-capillary increased significantly, indicating the soil became compacted. The soil pH showed a declining trend. The soil organic carbon content of the peach orchard declined compared with the paddy soil, whereas the total and available phosphorus contents were increased. The abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was decreased, whereas that of fungal ITS rRNA was increased in orchard soils, compared to the paddy and wheat field soils, indicating soil organic carbon (SOC) degraders in orchard soil possibly transformed from "bacterial type" to "fungal type". Correspondingly, the enzyme activities related to nitrogen transformation and catalase in soil were reduced. From spring to summer, both of the peach orchard and paddy field soils experienced a reduction of organic carbon content, especially in the paddy field. Moreover, the abundance of16s rRNA and fungal ITS rRNA genes, and the activities of cellulase and invertase in soil were decreased significantly.
    Conclusions The land use pattern change from paddy-wheat rotation to peach orchards in southern Jiangsu Province will significantly increase soil bulk density, decrease soil pH, increase soil P contents, decrease soil organic carbon contents, which ultimately lead to microbial ecosystem transfer from bacteria type to fungal one, and consequently impact soil nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration.

     

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