• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
梁海, 陈宝成, 韩惠芳, 王少博, 王桂伟. 深松35 cm可改善潮棕壤理化性质并提高小麦和玉米产量[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(11): 1879-1886. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18462
引用本文: 梁海, 陈宝成, 韩惠芳, 王少博, 王桂伟. 深松35 cm可改善潮棕壤理化性质并提高小麦和玉米产量[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(11): 1879-1886. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18462
LIANG Hai, CHEN Bao-cheng, HAN Hui-fang, WANG Shao-bo, WANG Gui-wei. Subsoiling 35 cm in depth improve soil physicochemical properties and increase grain yields of wheat and maize in aquic brown soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(11): 1879-1886. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18462
Citation: LIANG Hai, CHEN Bao-cheng, HAN Hui-fang, WANG Shao-bo, WANG Gui-wei. Subsoiling 35 cm in depth improve soil physicochemical properties and increase grain yields of wheat and maize in aquic brown soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(11): 1879-1886. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18462

深松35 cm可改善潮棕壤理化性质并提高小麦和玉米产量

Subsoiling 35 cm in depth improve soil physicochemical properties and increase grain yields of wheat and maize in aquic brown soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 我国传统耕作深度一般为20 cm,长期不变的翻耕深度降低耕层厚度,增加了犁底层厚度,影响作物的生长。研究小麦—玉米一年两季的种植模式下深松耕作的效果,为大田耕作管理提供技术支持。
    方法 田间试验在山东烟台潮棕壤上进行。设计4个耕作处理,分别为常规翻耕20 cm (CK)、深松30 cm、深松35 cm、深松40 cm。小麦播种前进行耕作处理,所有处理均结合耕作一次性基施腐殖酸复合肥 (N–P2O5–K2O=18–10–12) 1125 kg/hm2。玉米免耕,在拔节期追施一次化肥。于小麦、玉米收获期取0—10 cm、10—20 cm、20—30 cm及30—40 cm土层土壤样品,测定土壤速效养分含量与土壤容重,计算三相比,并调查小麦、玉米产量。
    结果 与CK相比,深松30 cm、35 cm、40 cm小麦季分别增产10.9%、15.3%和15.5%,玉米季分别增产12.0%、14.9%和9.4%(P < 0.05);10—40 cm土层土壤容重降低了0.03~0.18 g/cm3。其中,小麦季0—10 cm土层中CK处理土壤容重显著低于各深松处理,深松35 cm处理0—10 cm与10—20 cm土层土壤容重显著高于其他各处理;玉米季0—10 cm与10—20 cm土层土壤容重最低的处理为深松35 cm,且显著低于其他处理。小麦季深松30 cm处理各土层土壤三相比 (R值) 在13.2~15.9之间,总体最小,玉米季则以深松40 cm三相比值总体最小,在6.03~8.81之间。深松处理增加了20—40 cm土层有效养分含量,其中深松35 cm处理的20—40 cm土层有效磷和速效氮含量增加最为明显,分别为0.56~37.4 mg/kg与31.9~77.8 mg/kg;速效钾各土层的增加则以深松30 cm最为显著,为24.3~100 mg/kg;有机质含量以深松40 cm增加量最大,为0.95~0.69 g/kg。
    结论 深松耕作可显著降低当季土壤容重,增加当季与下一季作物产量,提高土壤耕层以下20—40 cm土层的养分有效性,综合各机械能耗与耕作效果,以深松35 cm最佳。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Current tillage is 20 cm depth, this long-term practice has reduced the thickness of the plough layer, increased the thickness of the plough pan, and affected the growth of crops. Subsoiling in different depths was attempted in this study to provide technical support for field farming management.
    Methods A field experiment was conducted in aquic brown soil, Yantai, Shandong Province. Taking conventional tillage 20 cm as control (CK), subsoiling of 30 cm, 35 cm and 40 cm in depth were designed in the experiment. The tillage was conducted before sowing of winter wheat, and all treatments were once applied 1125 kg/hm2 of humic acid compound fertilizer (N–P2O5–K2O=18–10–12) with the tillage practice. No tillage was conducted for maize, and chemical fertilizer was top dressed at the jointing stage of maize. At wheat and corn harvest period, soil samples of 0−10 cm, 10−20 cm, 20−30 cm and 30−40 cm in depth were taken to determine the soil organic matter and available N, P and K contents and the soil bulk densities.
    Results Compared with CK, the subsoiling treatments of 30 cm, 35 cm and 40 cm increased yields of crops, for wheat the increments were 10.9%, 15.3% and 15.5%, respectively, and for maize they were 12.0%, 14.9% and 9.4%, respectively. The subsoiling treatments effectively reduced the soil bulk density by 0.03−0.18 g/cm3 in the 10−40 cm soil layer, improved the ratio of three phases and the available nutrient contents in the 20−40 cm soil layer (P < 0.05). The soil bulk density in the 0−10 cm soil layer of CK was significantly lower than those of the subsoiling treatments, and those in the 0−10 cm and 10−20 cm soil layers of subsoiling 35 cm treatment was significantly higher than in the others. The lowest soil bulk density in the 0−10 cm and 10−20 cm soil layers of the maize season were all in subsoiling 35 cm treatment, which was significantly lower than in other treatments. After wheat harvest, the minimum R value was between 13.2 and 15.9, and after maize harvest was between 6.03 and 8.81. Subsoiling treatments increased the available P and N contents in 20−40 cm soil layer, with increment of 0.56−37.4 mg/kg for P and 31.9−77.8 mg/kg for N in the 35 cm subsoiling treatment. The available K was increased most significantly by 24.3−100.3 mg/kg in treatment of subsoiling 30 cm. The most significant increase of organic matter content was in subsoiling of 40 cm, with increase of 0.95−0.69 g/kg.
    Conclusions Deep subsoiling is effective in reducing soil bulk density, increasing the crop yield of the current and the following season, improving the available nutrient contents of the 20−40 cm soil layer. Comprehensively considering the mechanical consumption and the tillage effect, the 35 cm depth of tillage is recommended for the tested area.

     

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