• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
马瑞琦, 陶志强, 王德梅, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 朱英杰, 赵凯男, 李俊志, 王玉娇, 常旭虹, 赵广才. 追氮量对强筋和中筋小麦产量与品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1799-1807. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18468
引用本文: 马瑞琦, 陶志强, 王德梅, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 朱英杰, 赵凯男, 李俊志, 王玉娇, 常旭虹, 赵广才. 追氮量对强筋和中筋小麦产量与品质的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(10): 1799-1807. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18468
MA Rui-qi, TAO Zhi-qiang, WANG De-mei, WANG Yan-jie, YANG Yu-shuang, ZHU Ying-jie, ZHAO Kai-nan, LI Jun-zhi, WANG Yu-jiao, CHANG Xu-hong, ZHAO Guang-cai. Effect of nitrogen topdressing rate on yield and quality of mediumand strong gluten wheat cultivars[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(10): 1799-1807. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18468
Citation: MA Rui-qi, TAO Zhi-qiang, WANG De-mei, WANG Yan-jie, YANG Yu-shuang, ZHU Ying-jie, ZHAO Kai-nan, LI Jun-zhi, WANG Yu-jiao, CHANG Xu-hong, ZHAO Guang-cai. Effect of nitrogen topdressing rate on yield and quality of mediumand strong gluten wheat cultivars[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(10): 1799-1807. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.18468

追氮量对强筋和中筋小麦产量与品质的影响

Effect of nitrogen topdressing rate on yield and quality of mediumand strong gluten wheat cultivars

  • 摘要:
    目的 探究追氮量对强、中筋小麦品种产量及品质的影响,为强、中筋小麦优质高产提供参考。
    方法 试验于2016—2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行,采用两因素随机区组设计,A因素为小麦品种,包括藁优2018 (强筋)、师栾02-1 (强筋)、中麦8号 (中筋)、中麦175 (中筋)。B因素为追氮量,在基施N 105 kg/hm2基础上,设拔节期追施N 75、105、135 kg/hm2三个水平。于成熟期取样,测量单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、生物产量和籽粒产量,并测定籽粒粗蛋白质含量、蛋白质组分、湿面筋含量、沉淀值和面团流变学特性。
    结果 在追施N 75~135 kg/hm2范围内,籽粒产量、单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、蛋白质产量及生物产量均随追氮量的增加而提高,平均增幅分别达到6.1%、2.6%、8.5%、4.6%、10.3%、15.3%。随着追氮量的增加,蛋白质总量及组分含量呈增加趋势,其中谷蛋白增加幅度较高,与N75相比,N105、N135处理下分别增加了13.2%和14.6%;追施氮肥对两种筋型小麦的沉淀值、湿面筋、吸水率、面团形成时间、稳定时间的影响规律相同,均随追氮量增加而增加,其中强筋小麦各加工品质指标增幅分别为4.3%、2.2%、1.6%、13.8%、22.0%;中筋小麦各指标增幅分别为13.8%、7.4%、0.8%、9.5%、10.2%;弱化度则随追氮量增加而降低,两种类型品种小麦分别降低9.65%及12.0%。
    结论 在基施N 105 kg/hm2基础上,综合考虑肥料投入、小麦产量及品质指标,中筋小麦于拔节期追N 105 kg/hm2、强筋小麦于拔节期追N135 kg/hm2时,可获得较高的产量和品质。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The experiment explored the effect of nitrogen topdressing rates on the yield and quality of strong- and medium-gluten wheat varieties, to provide references for high quality and high yield of medium- and strong-gluten wheat production.
    Methods In Beijing experimental base of Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2016–2017, a two-factor randomized block design was adopted for this experiment. The factor A was wheat cultivar, and the tested 4 cultivars were Gaoyou2018 (strong gluten), Shiluan02-1 (strong gluten), Zhongmai8 (medium gluten) and Zhongmai175 (medium gluten). The factor B was topdressing N rates of 75, 105 and 135 kg/hm2 at jointing stage. During the maturity period, the number of panicles per unit area, grain number per spike, the 1000-grain-weight, the yield of biomass and the grain yield were investigated. The content of crude protein, protein components, wet gluten content, the sedimentation value and dough rheological properties were determined.
    Results On the basis of basal applying N 105 kg/hm2, the grain yield, panicles per hectare, grain number per spike, 1000-grain-weight, protein yield and biomass yield of the tested cultivars were increased with the increase of nitrogen topdressing rate from 75 kg/hm2 to 135 kg/hm2, with an average increase of 6.1%, 2.6%, 8.5%, 4.6%, 10.3%, and 15.3%, respectively. With the increase of nitrogen topdressing rate, the total protein and protein component contents were increased, and the glutenin content was increased the highest. Compared with N75, the glutenin contents of N105 and N135 treatments were increased by 13.2% and 14.6%, respectively. Increasing rate of nitrogen topdressing led to increased sedimentation value, wet gluten content, water absorption, dough development time and stability time of the two gluten types of wheat cultivar. The above processing quality indicators for the high gluten wheat cultivars were increased by 4.3%, 2.2%, 1.6%, 13.8%, and 22.0%, respectively, and for the medium gluten cultivars were by 13.8%, 7.4%, 0.8%, 9.5%, 10.2%. The dough weakening showed decrease trend following the increasing of topdressing nitrogen rates, and the high and medium gluten cultivars were averagely decreased by 9.65% and 12.0%, respectively.
    Conclusions Increasing the topdressing rate of nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage could increase the yield and procession quality of both the medium- and strong-gluten wheat cultivar. Comprehensive considering the fertilizer input, wheat yield and quality index, topdressing nitrogen rate of N 105 kg/hm2 is recommended for medium-gluten wheat cultivar, and 135 kg/hm2 for strong-gluten cultivars under the experimental conditions.

     

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