• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
侯翠红, 苗俊艳, 谷守玉, 王好斌, 王艳语, 许秀成. 以钙镁磷肥产品创新促进产业发展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12): 2162-2169. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19172
引用本文: 侯翠红, 苗俊艳, 谷守玉, 王好斌, 王艳语, 许秀成. 以钙镁磷肥产品创新促进产业发展[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12): 2162-2169. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19172
HOU Cui-hong, MIAO Jun-yan, GU Shou-yu, WANG Hao-bin, WANG Yan-yu, XU Xiu-cheng. Innovation of fused calcium magnesium phosphate products to promote industry development[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(12): 2162-2169. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19172
Citation: HOU Cui-hong, MIAO Jun-yan, GU Shou-yu, WANG Hao-bin, WANG Yan-yu, XU Xiu-cheng. Innovation of fused calcium magnesium phosphate products to promote industry development[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(12): 2162-2169. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19172

以钙镁磷肥产品创新促进产业发展

Innovation of fused calcium magnesium phosphate products to promote industry development

  • 摘要: 钙镁磷肥是一种富含磷、钙、镁、硅等营养元素的碱性矿质肥料,可补充植物所需的微量元素,改良酸性土壤、有效减轻重金属污染和提升作物营养与品质。一直以来,钙镁磷肥仅被认为是低含量的磷肥,产销量从高峰时期的近千万吨,下降到近年来的百万吨左右,市场占有率仅为磷肥总量的1%左右,且售价不高,导致企业经营困难。本文从植物营养角度,分析了钙镁磷肥中养分的有效性,肯定了钙镁磷肥作为肥料的必要性;从钙镁磷肥的产业现状入手,用详实的数据分析了钙镁磷肥近年来的产量和市场情况;从产品技术改造方面提出了助推钙镁磷肥提质增效的思路。钙镁磷肥中除含有12%~20%的枸溶性磷外,所含的钙、镁、硅的有效性高于绝大多数工业炉渣。钙镁磷肥施入土壤后,开始时有效磷量较低,但随着时间的延长,有效磷量明显提高,在酸性土壤中肥效优于过磷酸钙。发展钙镁磷肥产业,不仅可充分利用我国的中低品位磷矿资源,还可以补充我国大面积酸性土壤中的盐基离子,提供水稻、甘蔗等需硅量大的作物的硅营养,是不可多得的兼具多元素营养与土壤改良功能的肥料产品。钙镁磷肥提质增效的思路包括:1) 在钙镁磷肥中添加植物所需的微量元素,使得钙镁磷肥从单一的肥料产品定位升级为具有调理土壤和调理植物的功能化产品;2) 产品外观由粉状改为颗粒状,以适应机械化施肥和掺混肥需求;3) 制定产品新标准,体现出钙镁磷肥产品优势;4) 加强钙镁磷肥多产品性状的施用方法研究。今后应基于技术创新、产品创新,并结合营销创新,助力钙镁磷肥产业转型升级,绿色健康发展。

     

    Abstract: Fused calcium magnesium phosphate (FMP) is an alkaline mineral fertilizer riched in P, Ca, Mg, Si and other nutrients. It can supply trace elements needed by plants, relieve acidic soil, effectively reduce heavy metal pollution and improve crop nutrition and quality. FMP has been considered as a low-content phosphate fertilizer for a long time. Its production and sales have dropped from nearly 10 million tons in peak period to about 1 million tons in recent years. Its market share is only about 1% of the total phosphate fertilizer, and its price is not high, which makes it difficult for enterprises to operate. In this paper, the nutrient availability of FMP was analyzed from the point of plant nutrition, make sure the necessary of FMP as an important fertilizer product. From present industrial technology bottlenecks, the output and market situation of FMP in recent years was analyzed through detailed data. Approaches were proposed for increasing quality and improving industrial profit of FMP at the end. Most of phosphorous ore resources are low in grade in China, FMP industry is developed to adapt this special situation. FMP contains 12%–20% of citric soluble P2O5. The availability of P in FMP is low at the beginning, but increases significantly with the extension of time. And then the P efficiency of FMP is higher than that of superphosphate in acidic soil at last. The availability of Ca, Mg and Si are much higher than those in most industrial slag, which could compensate the supply of alkaline ions and against acid stress, and the silicon also is required for the healthy growth of crops such as rice and sugar cans. So FMP is good not only as phosphorous fertilizer, but as multi-functional amendments, especially in China as the existence of large area of acid farmland. The approaches to promote the development of FMP should be considered from the following points: 1) From the product themselves, regulating the included trace elements and appeared as multifunctional soil and plant nutrient conditioner. 2) Producing granulated products to suit mechanical application and blend with other fertilizers. 3) Special product standard, including quality items, should be formulated to reflect the advantages of the FMP product. 4) Application methods should be studied according to various product characteristics. In general, the bottleneck of the FMP industry development could be broke through by technology and product innovation, precise marketing and services.

     

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