• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
路亚, 李晓亮, 于天一, 周静, 孙学武, 郑永美, 沈浦, 吴正锋, 李林, 王才斌. 持绿和早衰花生品种根系形态、叶片生理及产量对叶面喷施磷肥的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(3): 532-540. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19187
引用本文: 路亚, 李晓亮, 于天一, 周静, 孙学武, 郑永美, 沈浦, 吴正锋, 李林, 王才斌. 持绿和早衰花生品种根系形态、叶片生理及产量对叶面喷施磷肥的响应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(3): 532-540. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19187
LU Ya, LI Xiao-liang, YU Tian-yi, ZHOU Jing, SUN Xue-wu, ZHENG Yong-mei, SHEN Pu, WU Zheng-feng, LI Lin, WANG Cai-bin. Response of root morphology, leaf physiology and yield of stay-green and presenility types of peanut to foliar phosphorus application[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(3): 532-540. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19187
Citation: LU Ya, LI Xiao-liang, YU Tian-yi, ZHOU Jing, SUN Xue-wu, ZHENG Yong-mei, SHEN Pu, WU Zheng-feng, LI Lin, WANG Cai-bin. Response of root morphology, leaf physiology and yield of stay-green and presenility types of peanut to foliar phosphorus application[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(3): 532-540. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19187

持绿和早衰花生品种根系形态、叶片生理及产量对叶面喷施磷肥的响应

Response of root morphology, leaf physiology and yield of stay-green and presenility types of peanut to foliar phosphorus application

  • 摘要:
    目的 叶面喷施磷肥是土壤施磷的重要补充,作物品种、喷施浓度等因素都会影响磷的喷施效果。比较不同花生品种喷施磷肥后根系形态、叶片酶活性、养分吸收特性及产量的差异,可加深对品种特性与叶面喷磷效果关系的理解。
    方法 在温室大棚内进行沙培盆栽试验,采用两因素试验设计,以持绿型品种花育39和早衰型品种花育20为材料,设置P2O5 0 (对照)、0.1% (P0.1) 和0.2% (P0.2) 3个叶面喷磷水平,以磷酸二氢钾作为叶面磷源,于初花后第5和15天各喷施1次。结荚初期 (播种后70天) 和成熟期 (播种后110天) 分别取新鲜叶片 (主茎倒三叶) 测定丙二醛 (MDA) 含量及抗氧化酶活性,取根系鲜样测定根系形态指标,将整株花生分为营养体 (根、茎和叶)、果针和荚果三部分烘干后测定干物质重及氮、磷含量。
    结果 结荚初期,与对照相比,P0.1处理显著提高了两品种根长、根体积、根表面积,提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD) 及过氧化氢酶 (CAT) 活性,降低了MDA含量;P0.2处理植株各指标增幅小于P0.1处理,多数与对照差异不显著。成熟期,持绿型品种两喷磷处理 (P0.1和P0.2) 各指标增幅较小,多数与对照差异不显著;叶面喷磷降低了早衰型品种根系长度、表面积和体积,增加了叶片膜脂过氧化程度,加速了植株衰老,其中P0.2对根系和叶片的负面影响大于P0.1处理。喷施叶面磷肥提高了两品种不同器官及整株的氮、磷积累量,持绿型品种P0.2处理荚果中元素积累量高于P0.1处理,而早衰型品种则表现出相反趋势。叶面喷磷提高了两品种各器官干重及荚果产量,其中持绿型品种P0.2处理整株干重低于P0.1处理,荚果产量高于P0.1处理,虽然早衰型品种P0.2处理的营养体干重高于P0.1处理,但其果针干重和荚果产量均低于P0.1处理。
    结论 叶面喷磷对两个品种结荚初期根系发育及叶片生理活性均有促进作用,0.1% P2O5的效果好于0.2% P2O5。成熟期,持绿型品种根系和叶片对叶面磷肥的反应不敏感,但与P0.1相比,P0.2处理荚果中氮、磷元素累积量及荚果产量增幅更大,因此,该品种适宜的叶面喷施磷肥浓度为0.2% P2O5。喷施0.2% P2O5磷肥显著降低了早衰型品种成熟期根系形态指标和叶片生理活性,一定程度上抵消了叶面喷施磷肥对该品种结荚初期的积极作用,导致P0.2处理植株氮、磷积累量及荚果产量的增幅小于P0.1处理。因此,早衰型品种更适合的浓度为0.1% P2O5

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Spraying phosphorus (P) fertilizer is an important supplement for P nutrition of crops. The effect of foliar fertilization is influenced by cultivar type and spraying concentration. The study was to explore the differences of root morphology, leaf antioxidase activity, nutrient uptake and pod yield of different peanut cultivars to deepen understanding the relationship between varietal characteristics and foliar P fertilizer effect.
    Methods A sand pot experiment with a two-factorial design was conducted in greenhouse. Two peanut cultivars of Huayu 39 (stay-green type) and Huayu 20 (presenility type) were chosen and three P2O5 spraying levels of 0, 0.1% and 0.2% were applied (CK, P0.1 and P0.2). P was sprayed on the 5th and 15th day after initial flowering of peanut. In early stage of podding and mature stage (70th and 100th day after sowing), the third leaves from the top were collected for investigating malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and antioxidase activities, fresh roots were collected for measuring morphological indexes and the whole plant was divided into nutritive organ (root, stem and leaf), peg and pod for studying N, P content and dry matter weight.
    Results In early stage of podding, P0.1 treatment significantly increased length, volume and surface area of roots, enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), and decreased MDA contents in leaves, while the increments of above indexes decreased in P0.2 treatment, and had no significant differences in most cases, compared to CK. In mature stage, both P0.1 and P0.2 treatments had little effect on leaf and root of stay-green cultivar. While they decreased root length, surface area and volume, increased membrane lipid peroxidation and accelerated plant aging of presenility cultivar, P0.2 had a greater negative influence than P0.1. Spraying P fertilizer significantly increased N, P accumulation of different organs and whole plant for both two cultivars, and larger N and P accumulation of pod in P0.2 treatment than in P0.1 for stay-green cultivar, and opposite in presenility cultivar. Spraying P fertilizer greatly improved the dry weight of different organs and pod yields of the two cultivars. The dry weight of whole plant in P0.2 treatment were lower than those of P0.1 and pod yield in P0.2 treatment was higher than that of P0.1 for stay-green cultivar, while the pod yield in P0.2 treatment was lower than that in P0.1 for presenility cultivar.
    Conclusions In early stage of podding, spraying P fertilizer could promote the root development and increase leaf antioxidase activities of both two cultivars. The effect of 0.1% P2O5 is better than that of 0.2% P2O5. In mature stage, the responses of root and leaf of stay-green cultivar to foliar P fertilizer are not sensitive. However, N and P accumulation of pod and pod yield in P0.2 treatment are larger than those in P0.1 treatment for stay-green cultivar. Therefore, the suitable P fertilizer concentration of this variety is 0.2% P2O5. Spraying 0.2% P2O5 significantly reduces the root morphological indexes and leaf antioxidase activities of presenility cultivar at mature stage, to a certain extent, it offsets the positive effect of foliar P fertilizer on the early stage of podding, resulting in the increase of plant N, P accumulation and pod yield in P0.2 treatment is less than that in P0.1 treatment. Therefore, it is more suitable to apply 0.1% P2O5 for presenility cultivar.

     

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