• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
范兵华, 马乐乐, 任瑞丹, 王归鹏, 丁明, 李建明. 有机肥浸提液灌溉频次和灌水量对甜瓜果实芳香物质及纤维素含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(4): 773-782. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19266
引用本文: 范兵华, 马乐乐, 任瑞丹, 王归鹏, 丁明, 李建明. 有机肥浸提液灌溉频次和灌水量对甜瓜果实芳香物质及纤维素含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(4): 773-782. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19266
FAN Bing-hua, MA Le-le, REN Rui-dan, WANG Gui-peng, DING Ming, LI Jian-ming. Effects of application frequency of organic fertilizer extract and irrigation amount on the content of aromatic substances and cellulose in melon fruits[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(4): 773-782. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19266
Citation: FAN Bing-hua, MA Le-le, REN Rui-dan, WANG Gui-peng, DING Ming, LI Jian-ming. Effects of application frequency of organic fertilizer extract and irrigation amount on the content of aromatic substances and cellulose in melon fruits[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(4): 773-782. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19266

有机肥浸提液灌溉频次和灌水量对甜瓜果实芳香物质及纤维素含量的影响

Effects of application frequency of organic fertilizer extract and irrigation amount on the content of aromatic substances and cellulose in melon fruits

  • 摘要:
    目的 有机肥浸提液可随水灌溉,研究灌溉频次和灌水量对甜瓜果实品质的影响,为有机甜瓜优质高产提供技术支撑。
    方法 甜瓜小区试验采用随水滴灌施肥方法。所用有机肥浸提液是由腐熟干猪粪、牛粪、羊粪分别与水按1∶10质量比混合浸提72 h过滤后得到,再将3种滤液以4∶1∶1体积比混合,稀释4.3倍用于甜瓜施肥。试验设3个有机肥浸提液灌溉频次:施用8次,每次每株750 mL (F1);施用12次,每次每株500 mL (F2);施用16次,每次每株375 mL (F3)。单株灌水量设两个水平:W1为果实膨大前按日蒸腾蒸发量的120%灌溉,之后按其140%灌溉,W2两个时期灌水量分别为日蒸腾蒸发量的140%和160%。果实成熟后用SPME-GC-MS技术测定甜瓜果实挥发性物质成分和相对含量及纤维素含量。
    结果 甜瓜果实中共检测出71种挥发性成分,其总含量各处理从高到低顺序为F2W2 > F1W1 > F3W1 > F1W2 > F3W2 > F2W1。6个处理中,共有挥发性物质为21种,其含量从高到低顺序与挥发性物质总含量排序一致。在W1下,果实特征香气物质含量以F1最高;而在W2下,其含量随着有机肥浸提液灌溉频次的增加先升高后降低,与前者变化趋势正好相反。相同有机肥浸提液灌溉频次条件下,变化规律不明显。其中,F2W2处理特征香气物质含量最高,明显高于其他处理,说明在本试验条件下,中等有机肥浸提液灌溉频次及高灌水量有利于甜瓜果实特征香气物质的形成。而不同处理对果实纤维素含量的影响与前两者不同,在低灌水量条件下,随着有机肥浸提液灌溉频次的增加,果实纤维素含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势;在高灌水量条件下,果实纤维素含量呈现升高的趋势。而随着灌水量的增加,果实纤维素含量明显下降。其中,F2W1处理的甜瓜果实纤维素含量最高,为1.3 mg/g,显著高于其他处理,高出8.3%~227.5%。对不同处理甜瓜果实芳香物质及纤维素含量进行隶属函数值法评价,综合排名顺序为F2W2 > F1W1 > F3W1 > F3W2 > F2W1 > F1W2。并且F2W2处理的甜瓜产量最高,达到1.8 kg/m2
    结论 不同有机肥浸提液灌溉频次及灌水量处理对甜瓜果实各类挥发性物质及含量的影响与对果实特征香气成分及含量的影响规律一致。在本试验条件下,F2W2处理可以同时兼顾甜瓜果实芳香物质含量、纤维素含量及产量,为较优处理组合。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The extraction solution of organic fertilizer is the form of realizing organic fertilizer application with water irrigation. The effects of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount on the quality of melon fruit were studied to provide technical support for the production of high quality and high yield organic melon.
    Methods The melon plot experiment used the method of fertilizing with drip irrigation. The extracts of organic fertilizer were extracted with mixing pig manure, cattle manure and sheep manure with water in a ratio of 1∶10 for 72 h, and then filtered. The three filtrates were mixed in a ratio of 4∶1∶1 by volume and diluted by 4.3 times for melon fertilization. The experiment set up three irrigation frequency of organic fertilizer extract: 8 times of application, 750 mL per plant (F1); 12 times of application, 500 mL per plant (F2); 16 times of application, 375 mL per plant (F3). There were two levels of irrigation: W1 was 120% of the daily evapotranspiration before fruit expansion, and then 140% of the daily evapotranspiration. W2 was 140% and 160% of the daily evapotranspiration. SPME-GC-MS was used to determine the volatile components, relative content and cellulose content of melon fruit after ripening.
    Results A total of 71 volatile components were detected in melon fruits, and the order of total content was F2W2 > F1W1 > F3W1 > F1W2 > F3W2 > F2W1. Among the six treatments, there were 21 kinds of volatile substances, and the order of their contents from high to low was the same as that of the total volatile substances. Under W1, the content of characteristic aroma substance in fruit was the highest in F1, while under W2, its content first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency of organic fertilizer extract, which was opposite to the former. Under the same irrigation frequency of organic fertilizer extract, the change rule was not obvious. Among them, F2W2 treatment had the highest content of characteristic aroma substances, which was significantly higher than other treatments, indicating that the irrigation frequency of medium and high irrigation amount were beneficial to the formation of characteristic aroma in melon fruit. Under the condition of low irrigation amount, with the increase of irrigation frequency of organic fertilizer extract, the cellulose content of fruit increased first and then decreased; under the condition of high irrigation amount, the cellulose content of fruit increased. With the increase of irrigation amount, the cellulose content of fruit decreased significantly. Among them, the cellulose content of melon fruit treated with F2W1 was the highest, which was 1.3 mg/g, 8.3%–227.5% higher than other treatments. The content of aromatic substance and cellulose in melon fruit was evaluated by membership function method. The comprehensive ranking order was F2W2 > F1W1 > F3W1 > F3W2 > F2W1 > F1W2. The yield of muskmelon treated with F2W2 was the highest, reaching 1.8 kg/m2.
    Conclusions The effect of irrigation frequency and irrigation amount of different organic fertilizer extracts on the volatile matter and content of melon fruit is consistent with the effect on the characteristic aroma components and content of melon fruit. Under the condition of this experiment, F2W2 treatment is the optimal in which the aromatic matter content, cellulose content and yield of melon fruit reach their most satisfying degree.

     

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