• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
许国春, 纪荣昌, 邱永祥, 罗文彬, 李华伟, 李国良, 林赵淼, 汤浩. 我国马铃薯产量对施氮的响应及其影响因素分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(4): 727-737. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19278
引用本文: 许国春, 纪荣昌, 邱永祥, 罗文彬, 李华伟, 李国良, 林赵淼, 汤浩. 我国马铃薯产量对施氮的响应及其影响因素分析[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(4): 727-737. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19278
XU Guo-chun, JI Rong-chang, QIU Yong-xiang, LUO Wen-bin, LI Hua-wei, LI Guo-liang, LIN Zhao-miao, TANG Hao. Responses of potato yields to nitrogen application and associated driving factors in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(4): 727-737. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19278
Citation: XU Guo-chun, JI Rong-chang, QIU Yong-xiang, LUO Wen-bin, LI Hua-wei, LI Guo-liang, LIN Zhao-miao, TANG Hao. Responses of potato yields to nitrogen application and associated driving factors in China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(4): 727-737. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19278

我国马铃薯产量对施氮的响应及其影响因素分析

Responses of potato yields to nitrogen application and associated driving factors in China

  • 摘要:
    目的 在全国及区域尺度上,定量评价马铃薯产量对施氮的响应及其影响因素,旨在明确不同条件下施氮对马铃薯产量的影响,为氮肥合理施用提供参考。
    方法 通过搜集、筛选、整理已公开发表的有关我国马铃薯施氮产量效应的文献信息建立数据库,利用Meta分析这一综述性统计方法,以不施氮为对照,运用自然对数响应比来度量施氮对马铃薯产量的影响程度,并运用Meta回归分析和亚组分析来评价不同因素对施氮效果的影响。
    结果 共搜集到符合本研究要求的文献52篇,从中获得220组数据,涵盖我国6个马铃薯主要种植区域,且不同研究结果间存在显著异质性。根据失安全系数法分析结果,本研究受发表偏倚的影响不明显,结论具有较高的可信度。Meta分析结果表明,与不施氮相比,施氮显著提高了我国马铃薯产量,整体增产幅度为31.1%,且不同基础产量间的施氮效果存在明显差异,在基础产量小于20 t/hm2条件下,马铃薯产量与施氮量呈显著正相关。区域间的施氮效果存在显著差异,西南区施氮效果最佳,施氮产量增幅为42.6%,其次为东北区 (40.6%)、中原区 (37.2%)、华北区 (34.7%)、华南区 (17.7%) 和西北区 (12.1%)。在施氮水平较低时施氮方式对施氮效果没有明显影响,但在施氮量大于225 kg/hm2时,基施 + 追肥方式的增产效应明显。在低种植密度 (< 5.25万株/hm2) 条件下,施氮增产率为35.4%,明显高于中密度 (5.25~6.75万株/hm2) 和高密度 (> 6.75万株/hm2) 种植。施氮效果与土壤类型紧密相关,在黄棕壤、红壤、黑土、黄壤、黑钙土、水稻土和黑垆土上施氮增产效应显著,而在黄绵土上未达显著水平;土壤质地也影响氮肥效果,黏土施氮增产率为54.8%,高于砂土 (46.5%)、砂壤土 (28.0%) 和壤土 (26.0%)。在土壤pH 6.5~7.5、有机质含量 < 15 g/kg、全氮含量1~2 g/kg和有效磷含量 < 15 mg/kg的条件下,施氮的增产效应更明显。
    结论 施氮对提升我国马铃薯产量有重要作用,施氮效果与土壤基础产量、区域、种植密度、土壤类型、质地、pH、有机质含量、全氮含量和有效磷含量密切相关。因此,各地区在制定马铃薯施氮方案时应充分考虑这些因素,以提高氮肥利用效率和增加马铃薯产量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The response of potato yields to nitrogen (N) application rates and its driving factors were quantitatively evaluated at national and regional scales, aiming to provide references for making rational recommendation of N management in potato production.
    Methods The data of potato yield response to N rates, in field experiments published in literatures of China, were collected and screened and summarized. Meta-analysis method was used to explore the potato yields response to no N fertilizer versus N fertilizer; and meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis were used to evaluate the effects of different factors on N application.
    Results A total of 220 datasets were obtained from 52 papers, which was covering six main planting region of potato in China, and there was significant heterogeneity among different study results. According to the analysis results of the fail-safe method, this study was not significantly affected by publication deviation, and the conclusion had a high credibility. The results of meta-analysis showed that, N application significantly increased the potato yields by 31.1% in China, and there were significant differences in yield-increasing effects of N fertilizer (YIEN) among fields with different basal yields. The YIEN were significantly correlated with N rates, in spite of the significant differences among planting regions. The YIEN were the highest in southwest China with yields increasing rate of 42.6%, followed by the northeast (40.6%), central plain (37.2%), north China (34.7%), south China (17.7%) and northwest (12.1%). Under low N rate, applying methods had similar effect on YIEN, but when N rates were greater than 225 kg/hm2, basal and top dressing were significantly more effective. For the planting density, the yield increasing rate of N fertilizer in low density (< 5.25 × 104 plants/hm2) was 35.4%, which was significantly higher than that in medium (5.25 × 104–6.75 × 104 plants/hm2) and high density (> 6.75 × 104 plants/hm2). The YIEN was closely related to soil properties. The YIEN were significant in yellow-brown soil, red soil, black soil, yellow soil, chernozem, paddy soil and dark loessial soil, but not in loessal soil. In clay soil, the yield increasing rate of N fertilizer was 54.8%, higher than that in sandy soil (46.5%), sandy loam (28.0%) and loam (26.0%). In the soils with pH 6.5–7.5, organic matter content < 15 g/kg, total N content of 1–2 g/kg and available P < 15 mg/kg, the YIEN were higher than that in the other soils.
    Conclusions N fertilizer application is important for high potato yields, although the effect varies greatly across China. The field basal fertility, planting region, planting density and soil physio-chemical properties all affect the YIEN, and they should be considered when making N application recommendation for potato production.

     

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