• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王俊, 李强, 任禾, 刘春光, 高洪军, 张秀芝, 朱平, 彭畅. 吉林省西部不同耕作模式下秸秆还田土壤团聚体特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(4): 603-612. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19280
引用本文: 王俊, 李强, 任禾, 刘春光, 高洪军, 张秀芝, 朱平, 彭畅. 吉林省西部不同耕作模式下秸秆还田土壤团聚体特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(4): 603-612. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19280
shu
WANG Jun, LI Qiang, REN He, LIU Chun-guang, GAO Hong-jun, ZHANG Xiu-zhi, ZHU Ping, PENG Chang. Soil aggregate characteristics under different tillage and in-situ straw returning methods in western Jilin, China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(4): 603-612. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19280
Citation: WANG Jun, LI Qiang, REN He, LIU Chun-guang, GAO Hong-jun, ZHANG Xiu-zhi, ZHU Ping, PENG Chang. Soil aggregate characteristics under different tillage and in-situ straw returning methods in western Jilin, China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(4): 603-612. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19280
shu

吉林省西部不同耕作模式下秸秆还田土壤团聚体特征

Soil aggregate characteristics under different tillage and in-situ straw returning methods in western Jilin, China

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 通过研究不同耕作模式下土壤团聚体特征，探明耕作模式对土壤团聚体质量指标的影响，为解决区域长期传统耕作模式所引起的土壤结构质量下降问题及构建土壤合理耕作层提供科学依据。
    方法 从2016年10月开始，在吉林省西部松原市宁江区开展田间试验，采用随机区组设计，将耕作结合秸秆还田设置了4个处理，分别为常规耕作 (秸秆清除后进行旋耕，LR)、连续旋耕 (秸秆粉碎还田后进行旋耕，SR)、翻耕–旋耕 (秸秆粉碎还田后，轮流进行翻耕和旋耕，STR)、翻耕–免耕 (秸秆粉碎还田后，轮流进行翻耕和免耕，STN)处理。于2018年10月采集0—20和20—40 cm土层土壤样品，分析了土壤团聚体组成分布、团聚体稳定性及团聚体各粒级有机碳含量。
    结果 与LR处理相比，秸秆还田可明显改善土壤团聚体结构及稳定性 (P < 0.05)。秸秆还田条件下，STR和STN土壤中大于0.25 mm的机械稳定性团聚体含量比连续旋耕 (SR) 处理显著增加10.6% (P < 0.05)。与LR处理相比，STR和STN处理耕层土壤机械稳定性团聚体几何平均直径 (GMD) 明显提高，而STR和STN处理土壤团聚体分形维数（D）平均降低3.9%，耕层不稳定团粒指数 (Elt) 也显著降低。STN处理 在0—20 cm土层具有较高的土壤团聚体有机碳含量。
    结论 秸秆还田下，两种轮耕模式具有更高的团聚体稳定性，且有较小的分形维数，进而具有较好的抗蚀能力，其中翻耕–免耕轮耕模式团聚体稳定性更好，耕层土壤中团聚体有机碳含量更高。因此，翻耕–免耕轮耕模式是吉林省西部地区土壤肥力保育的有效措施和耕作模式。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives In the quest for sustainable ways to mitigate the decline in soil structure caused by long-term intensive farming in the region and provide a theoretical basis for building a sustainable land-use, the effects of tillage patterns on soil quality indicators were studied by determining the changes in soil aggregate distribution and stability.
    Methods A field trial was conducted in Ningjiang district of Songyuan City, western Jilin, China in October 2016. Treatments composed of tillage method and maize straw returning were arranged in randomized block design; conventional farming system involved continuous rotary tillage without straw returning (LR), continuous rotary tillage + straw returning (SR), plough and rotary tillage in turn + straw returning (STR), and plough and no-tillage in turn + straw returning (STN). In October 2018, the soil samples at 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm depth were collected, and the proportion of soil aggregates, the stability of aggregates and the content of organic carbon in aggregates were investigated.
    Results Compared to LR treatment, straw returning significantly improved soil aggregate composition and stability (P < 0.05). Compared to SR treatment, the percentage of mechanically-stable aggregates with particle size > 0.25 mm was increased by 10.6% in STR and STN treatments. Compared with LR, geometric mean diameter (GMD) of STR and STN treatments was significantly increased, while the fractal dimension (D) decreased by 3.9% on average, and the unstable aggregate index (Elt) also significantly decreased. STN treatment had higher soil organic carbon content in the surface layer (0–20 cm）than other treatments.
    Conclusions Under the condition of straw returning, both the fields tilled using rotary-plough and no-tillage-plough have higher aggregate stability and corrosion resistance but smaller dimension. No-tillage-plough in turn method performs better than rotary-plough method in increasing the organic carbon content and the stability of soil aggregates. Plough and no-tillage in turn seems to be an effective measure for sustaining soil structure and fertility in the western part of Jilin Province, China.

     

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