• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
朱陆伟, 周昌敏, 白翠华, 区宇程, 姚丽贤. 荔枝在不同温度和氮素形态下的氮、磷吸收动力学特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(5): 869-878. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19325
引用本文: 朱陆伟, 周昌敏, 白翠华, 区宇程, 姚丽贤. 荔枝在不同温度和氮素形态下的氮、磷吸收动力学特征[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(5): 869-878. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19325
ZHU Lu-wei, ZHOU Chang-min, BAI Cui-hua, OU Yu-cheng, YAO Li-xian. Kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by litchi under different temperatures and nitrogen forms[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(5): 869-878. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19325
Citation: ZHU Lu-wei, ZHOU Chang-min, BAI Cui-hua, OU Yu-cheng, YAO Li-xian. Kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by litchi under different temperatures and nitrogen forms[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(5): 869-878. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19325

荔枝在不同温度和氮素形态下的氮、磷吸收动力学特征

Kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by litchi under different temperatures and nitrogen forms

  • 摘要:
    目的 温度直接影响植物对养分的吸收能力,而植物对氮素形态具有偏好性。研究不同温度和氮形态营养条件下荔枝根系吸收氮和磷能力的差异,为荔枝不同季节 (物候期) 合理施用氮、磷肥提供依据。
    方法 以‘黑叶’荔枝实生苗为材料,采用水培方法进行了试验。设置6个生长温度 (10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃) 和3种氮形态营养液 (硝态氮、1/2硝态氮 + 1/2铵态氮和铵态氮,分别表示为NN、1/2NN + 1/2AN和AN),共18个处理。将饥饿48 h的荔枝苗置于营养液中,于处理0、1、2、3、4、6、8、10和12 h后采集营养液样本,测定其中氮、磷含量。计算荔枝吸收氮、磷养分离子的动力学参数变化,并比较根系吸收氮、磷养分能力的差异。
    结果 温度和氮形态对荔枝吸收氮和磷养分均有显著影响 (P < 0.01)。随温度升高,NN和1/2NN + 1/2AN处理下荔枝对总氮的最大吸收速率 (Imax) 呈现“下降–升高”的交替变化,但AN处理下的Imax受影响较小。15℃和30℃时AN处理荔枝对总氮的Imax显著高于其他两种氮形态营养处理,其他温度下则以1/2NN + 1/2AN处理最高;单一氮形态营养下,荔枝对氮素的亲和力 (Am) 和离子补偿点 (Cmin) 随着温度升高而发生波动;同时供应两种氮素形态时,Am随温度升高(10℃~30℃)而增加,而Cmin随温度升高而下降。氮形态对荔枝吸收总氮的Imax的影响与温度有关,但不同温度下均以NN处理的Imax最低、Am最高及Cmin最低。在1/2NN + 1/2AN处理中,荔枝吸收NH4+Imax显著高于NN处理,但NN处理的Am更高且Cmin更低。氮素供应形态对荔枝吸收H2PO4的影响也与温度有关,在15℃和25℃时荔枝吸H2PO4Imax表现为1/2NN + 1/2AN > AN > NN,其他温度下的氮形态处理间没有明显差别。除15℃时NN处理荔枝对H2PO4AmCmin分别显著低于、高于其他两个处理外,其他温度下3种氮形态营养处理的AmCmin接近。
    结论 荔枝为喜硝植物,但吸收铵态氮的能力更强。在生长介质温度为15℃和30℃时单独供应铵态氮及在其他温度下同时供给两种氮形态,有利于荔枝对氮素的吸收。在15℃和25℃时,同时供应硝态氮和铵态氮最有利于荔枝吸收H2PO4,供应铵态氮次之;其他温度下氮供应形态对荔枝吸收H2PO4没有明显影响。为提高荔枝吸收氮磷营养能力,建议生产上避免一次性大量施用硝态氮肥。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Temperature affects nutrient uptake by plant directly, and plant has a preference for nitrogen (N) form. The N and P uptake of litchi with varied temperatures and N forms was investigated, aiming to provide a basis for selecting suitable N source and P source with season (phenology) in litchi.
    Methods A hydroponic experiment was conducted using litchi seedlings of cultivar ‘Heiye’as test materials. The designed growth temperature was 10℃, 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃, and the supplied N forms included nitrate (NN), 1/2 nitrate + 1/2 ammonium (1/2NN + 1/2AN) and ammonium (AN). After the seedlings were kept in hungry for 48 h, they were loaded into the treatment solution. At the 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h since the treatment, the N and P contents of the nutrient solution were measured, the uptake kinetic parameters of N and P nutrients were determined.
    Results Temperature and N form had significant effects on uptake of N and P nutrition by litchi (P < 0.01). With the increase of temperature, the maximum absorption rate (Imax) of N by litchi under treatments of nitrate and 1/2NN + 1/2AN supply fluctuated, but that was not impacted significantly under treatment of AN. The Imax of N uptake under AN at 15℃ and 30℃ was significantly higher than those under the other two N nutrition treatments, and that under 1/2NN + 1/2AN condition was the highest at any other temperatures. When a sole N source was fed, both the affinity to N (Am) and ion compensation concentrations (Cmin) in litchi fluctuated with increasing temperature; while fed with 1/2NN and 1/2AN, the Am was increased with temperature(10℃–30℃) but Cmin decreased. The Imax of N uptake of litchi was related to temperature, however, the lowest Imax and Cmin and the highest Am were all obtained in litchi seedlings fed with sole nitrate. Under 1/2NN + 1/2AN nutrition, litchi plant showed significantly higher Imax with higher Cmin and lower Am for NH4+ absorption, compared with NO3 uptake. The role of N sources on H2PO4 absorption by litchi was related to temperature as well. There was no significant difference for the Imax of H2PO4 uptake among N sources at various temperatures, except that at 15℃ and 25℃, the Imax ranked as 1/2NN + 1/2AN > AN > NN nutrition. The Am and Cmin of H2PO4 uptake were similar under different N nutrient conditions, with the exception of significantly higher Cmin or lower Am under nitrate supply at 15℃.
    Conclusions Litchi prefers nitrate, but its absorbing capability for ammonium is higher. Supplying sole ammonium at 15℃ and 30℃ or supplying nitrate and ammonium simultaneously at other tested temperatures are beneficial to N uptake by litchi. The simultaneous addition of both nitrate and ammonium shows promotion of H2PO4 uptake by litchi only at 15℃ and 30℃, followed by sole ammonium nutrition. In order to improve the absorption of N and P nutrients, nitrate fertilizer should not be applied in one time heavily in litchi production.

     

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