• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
伍贤东, 王孟, 钱嘉帆, 杨绍丁, 刘力, 肖静水, 廖云. 聚氨酯/蒙脱土复合控释肥膜材的制备与性能[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12): 2053-2060. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19339
引用本文: 伍贤东, 王孟, 钱嘉帆, 杨绍丁, 刘力, 肖静水, 廖云. 聚氨酯/蒙脱土复合控释肥膜材的制备与性能[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12): 2053-2060. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19339
WU Xian-dong, WANG Meng, QIAN Jia-fan, YANG Shao-ding, LIU Li, XIAO Jing-shui, LIAO Yun. Preparation and properties of polyurethane/montmorillonite composite films for controlled-release fertilizer[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(12): 2053-2060. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19339
Citation: WU Xian-dong, WANG Meng, QIAN Jia-fan, YANG Shao-ding, LIU Li, XIAO Jing-shui, LIAO Yun. Preparation and properties of polyurethane/montmorillonite composite films for controlled-release fertilizer[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(12): 2053-2060. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19339

聚氨酯/蒙脱土复合控释肥膜材的制备与性能

Preparation and properties of polyurethane/montmorillonite composite films for controlled-release fertilizer

  • 摘要:
    目的 蒙脱土 (MMT) 是一种由纳米硅酸盐片层堆积的粘土矿物,具有优良的力学、热学及气体阻隔性能。本研究尝试了不同离子交换剂,以使其能在聚氨酯 (PU) 基体中充分剥层分散,制成力学性能与控释性能优良的复合控释肥膜材。
    方法 试验选用3种有机离子交换剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵 (SA1)、十二烷基双羟乙基甲基氯化铵 (SA2)、二甲基双十八烷基氯化铵 (SA3) 对MMT进行插层改性,然后通过原位聚合制备蓖麻油基聚氨酯/蒙脱土 (PU/MMT) 复合缓释肥膜材。纳米粒子及复合膜材的形态与结构用电镜扫描、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射等方法进行了表征。采用吸水法和浸泡法测试了PU/MMT复合膜材的动态力学性能和热稳定性能及缓释性能。
    结果 3种有机插层改性的MMT纳米粒子在PU基质中具有良好的分散性和相容性,纳米粒子的加入也明显改进了PU基质的动态力学性能、热稳定性能以及缓释性能,其中SA2改性MMT对复合膜材的动态力学性能和热稳定性影响最为明显,使基质PU的玻璃化转变温度 (Tg) 从30℃增加到80℃,热分解温度从300℃增加到330℃,因为SA2结构中的双羟乙基能使MMT与PU结合更加紧密;而SA3改性MMT制备的复合膜材缓释性能最佳,使尿素释放时间从30天增加到75天,因为SA3含有双长链有机结构。
    结论 采用十二烷基双羟乙基甲基氯化铵或者二甲基双十八烷基氯化铵对MMT进行插层改性,可制备结构疏松、在聚合物中分散性良好的纳米粒子。添加改性蒙脱石纳米粒子可大大提高聚合物包膜材料的吸水性和稳定性,从而制备出阻隔性能优良、释放期理想且价廉质高的PU/MMT复合控释肥膜材。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Montmorillonite (MMT) is a kind of clay mineral having accumulation texture of nanosilicate sheets, so it has excellent mechanical, thermal and gas barrier properties. Three organic ion exchangers were tested in this paper in order to make MMT fully dispersed in polyurethane (PU) matrix, and then used for preparing polyurethane/montmorillonite (PU/MMT) composite materials with excellent mechanical and controlled-release properties.
    Methods Three organic modifiers, octadecyl trimethyl ammonium ammoniate (SA1), dodecyl dihydroxyethyl methyl ammonium chloride (SA2) and dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride (SA3), were used to intercalate the montmorillonite. Then the castor oil-based PU/MMT composite films were prepared by in-situ polymerization. SEM, IR and XRD techniques were used to characterize the morphology and structure of nanoparticles and composite films. The dynamic mechanical properties, the thermal stability and controlled-release performance of PU/MMT composite films were also investigated.
    Results The MMT were modified by organic intercalation of the three organic ion exchangers, which brought good dispersal and compatibility of MMT in the matrix of PU matrix. Furthermore, the dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability of PU/MMT composites were significantly improved due to the addition of nanoparticles. Among the three composites, the PU/SA2-MMT showed the most improvement on the dynamic mechanical properties and thermal stability. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of membrane increased from 30℃ to 80℃, and decomposition temperature increased from 300℃ to 330℃, the reason for it was the double hydroxyethyl structure in SA2 modifier which made MMT more tightly bound to PU. While the PU/SA3-MMT composite coating material performed the best controlled-release property, the time needed for 75% of urea release was increased from 30 d to 75 d, which was mainly caused by the double long chain organic structure of SA3.
    Conclusions Intercalation modification of MMT with ion exchangers of dodecyl dihydroxyethyl methyl ammonium chloride and dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride can effectively loosen its structure and increase its dispersal in polymers. The addition of the modified MMT makes the PU/MMT composite film have excellent thermal stability and satisfactory release properties, which can be used for the manufacture of low price and high quality controlled-release fertilizers.

     

/

返回文章
返回