• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王学霞, 曹兵, 梁红胜, 王甲辰, 陈延华, 刘东生, 岳健权. 控释氮肥与水溶肥配施减少设施土壤N2O排放的机理[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12): 2084-2094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19344
引用本文: 王学霞, 曹兵, 梁红胜, 王甲辰, 陈延华, 刘东生, 岳健权. 控释氮肥与水溶肥配施减少设施土壤N2O排放的机理[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(12): 2084-2094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19344
WANG Xue-xia, CAO Bing, LIANG Hong-sheng, WANG Jia-chen, CHEN Yan-hua, LIU Dong-sheng, YUE Jian-quan. Combined appilcation of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer to reduce N2O emission in greenhouse soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(12): 2084-2094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19344
Citation: WANG Xue-xia, CAO Bing, LIANG Hong-sheng, WANG Jia-chen, CHEN Yan-hua, LIU Dong-sheng, YUE Jian-quan. Combined appilcation of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer to reduce N2O emission in greenhouse soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(12): 2084-2094. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19344

控释氮肥与水溶肥配施减少设施土壤N2O排放的机理

Combined appilcation of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer to reduce N2O emission in greenhouse soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 控制N2O排放是提高氮肥利用和环境效益的一个重要任务。在滴灌条件下,研究以控释氮肥替代尿素基施减少设施土壤N2O排放的机制,并探讨减少氮肥投入的可能性。
    方法 在大棚内布设小区试验,供试番茄品种为‘盛世辉煌’,氮肥40%基施,60%分3次随水滴灌追施。试验以不施氮肥为对照 (CK),设:常规化肥用量 (基施尿素,总N量440 kg/hm2,U);常规化肥用量减氮20% (基施尿素,总N量376 kg/hm2,–20%U);控释氮肥常规用量 (基施控释氮肥,总N量440 kg/hm2,CRU);控释氮肥常规用量减氮20% (基施控释氮肥,总N量376 kg/hm2,–20%CRU) 4个处理。施底肥后15天内每天取气体样1次;追肥后每2天取气体样1次,连续取样3次;其余时间间隔5~7天取气体样1次。静态箱–色谱法测定土壤N2O排放通量;在定植后40、80和120天取土样测定土壤理化性质;用实时荧光定量PCR检测相关功能基因数量变化;收获后测产。
    结果 控释氮肥与水溶肥配施导致基肥N2O排放峰值出现时间从第8~13天延迟到第28~32天,并且显著降低了其N2O排放峰值,所有处理追水溶肥后均在3~5天出现N2O排放峰值,而控释氮肥与水溶肥配施降低了此阶段N2O排放峰值。相同氮肥施用量条件下,控释氮肥与水溶肥配施显著降低了基肥期土壤N2O排放通量和累积排放量,降低了追肥期土壤N2O排放通量和累积排放量,显著降低了番茄生长季土壤NH4+-N和NO3-N含量与微生物功能基因AOA amoA、AOB amoAnirK数量,降低了nirS数量。与U处理相比,CRU处理增加番茄产量和经济效益,生长季土壤N2O累积排放量减少了24.8%,差异显著,同时显著降低了N2O排放强度;与–20%U处理相比,–20%CRU处理增加番茄产量和经济效益,N2O累积排放量减少了22.1%,亦显著降低了N2O排放强度 (P < 0.05)。
    结论 在常规用氮量和减氮20%用量下,以缓释氮肥代替尿素基施,不仅可显著增加番茄的产量和效益,还显著推迟了番茄生长初期N2O释放高峰的出现,减少了整个生育期N2O的排放强度和累积排放量。其主要原因在于缓释氮肥有效控制了土壤中NH4+-N和NO3-N含量的变化,进而减少了与硝化和反硝化相关的微生物数量。在使用缓释肥做基肥时,适当减少氮肥投入不会降低番茄的产量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Controlling N2O emission is an important task in nitrogen management during crop production. Under drip irrigation condition, we studied the mechanism of controlled release fertilizer reducing N2O emission, and the possibility of reducing total nitrogen input through replacement of basal applied urea by controlled-release fertilizer.
    Methods A micro-plot field experiment was conducted inside greenhouse for consecutive three years, using tomato cultivar of 'Shengshihuihuang' as test material. 40% of nitrogen were basal applied before transplanting and 60% were top dressed with drip irrigation. Five treatments included no nitrogen input control (CK), routine N rate with urea basal applied (N 440 kg/hm2, U), 20% less N input with urea basal applied (N 376 kg/hm2, –20%U), routine N rate with controlled-release fertilizer basal applied (N 440 kg/hm2, CRU) and 20% less N input with CRU basal applied (N 376 kg/hm2, –20%CRU). Within the 15 days of basal application, soil gas samples were collected every day, within 8 days of each topdressing, the gas sample were collected every other days and collected three times, and the N2O emission flux was measured by static box-chromatography method. Soil samples were collected at the 40, 80 and 120 days after transplanting, and soil physical and chemical properties were measured using conventional methods, and the number of related microbe and functional genes were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative method. At harvest, the tomato yields were investigated and the nitrogen contents were determined.
    Results Compared with U treatment, CRU treatments postponed the appearance of peak N2O emission after basal fertilization from 8–13 days to 28–32 days, and significantly reduced peak emission flux. After topdressing, the peak emission occurred in 3–5 days in all treatments, while the two CRU treatments reduced the peak N2O emission flux. Under the same amount of N input, the CRUs significantly reduced N2O emission flux and NO3 accumulation in soil during basal and topdressing fertilizer stages. The total soil N2O emission was significantly reduced by 24.8% in CRU treatment, and by 22.1% in –20%CRU treatment during the whole growing season; the content of NH4+-N and NO3-N and the number of AOA amoA, AOB amoA and nirK were significantly reduced, the number of nirS was also reduced during growing season. Compared with U treatment, the yield and economic benefit of tomato were significantly increased in CRU treatment, and the yield in –20%U treatment was not changed significantly, while the economic benefit were increased.
    Conclusions Replacing urea with controlled-release fertilizer as basal fertilizer could significantly delay the appearance of peak N2O emission and emission intensity at the early stage of tomato growth, and reduce more than 20% of total N2O emission during the whole growth period. The reason for it is the decreased NH4+-N and NO3-N contents and the number of microbial related to nitrification and denitrification in soil. The total nitrogen fertilizer input could be properly reduced if use slow-release fertilizer as basal fertilizer in tomato under drip irrigation.

     

/

返回文章
返回