• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
朱长伟, 龙潜, 董士刚, 石柯, 姜桂英, 李小磊, 张崇洋, 刘芳, 申凤敏, 刘世亮. 小麦-玉米轮作体系不同旋耕和深耕管理对潮土微生物量碳氮与酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(1): 51-63. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19358
引用本文: 朱长伟, 龙潜, 董士刚, 石柯, 姜桂英, 李小磊, 张崇洋, 刘芳, 申凤敏, 刘世亮. 小麦-玉米轮作体系不同旋耕和深耕管理对潮土微生物量碳氮与酶活性的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(1): 51-63. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19358
ZHU Chang-wei, LONG Qian, DONG Shi-gang, SHI Ke, JIANG Gui-ying, LI Xiao-lei, ZHANG Chong-yang, LIU Fang, SHEN Feng-min, LIU Shi-liang. Effects of rotary and deep tillage modes on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities in fluvo-aquic soil under wheat–maize rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(1): 51-63. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19358
Citation: ZHU Chang-wei, LONG Qian, DONG Shi-gang, SHI Ke, JIANG Gui-ying, LI Xiao-lei, ZHANG Chong-yang, LIU Fang, SHEN Feng-min, LIU Shi-liang. Effects of rotary and deep tillage modes on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities in fluvo-aquic soil under wheat–maize rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(1): 51-63. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19358

小麦-玉米轮作体系不同旋耕和深耕管理对潮土微生物量碳氮与酶活性的影响

Effects of rotary and deep tillage modes on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enzyme activities in fluvo-aquic soil under wheat–maize rotation system

  • 摘要:
    目的 通过研究黄淮平原潮土区两年不同轮耕模式下土壤微生物量碳氮、酶活性的差异和变化特征,为该地区选择适宜的耕作制度提供理论依据。
    方法 2016—2018年采用裂区设计进行田间小麦–玉米轮作系统下的轮耕试验。主处理为小麦季旋耕 (RT) 和深耕 (DT),3个副处理为玉米季免耕 (NT)、行间深松 (SBR)、行内深松 (SIR),共6个处理。2017、2018年玉米收获后,每10 cm一个层次,测定了0—50 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、速效养分、微生物量碳 (SMBC)、微生物量氮 (SMBN) 和脲酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶活性。
    结果 各处理土壤有机质、全氮、速效养分、SMBC、SMBN及酶活性均随土层深度的增加而降低,40—50 cm土层不受耕作方式的影响。小麦季深耕和玉米季深松对表层土壤有机质和全氮影响不明显,但显著提高了深层土壤有机质和全氮含量。小麦季旋耕显著增加了玉米季0—10 cm土层中速效养分含量,而小麦季深耕条件下的DT-SBR和DT-SIR处理则显著增加了20—40 cm土层中的速效养分含量。在0—20 cm土层,小麦季旋耕条件下的RT-NT、RT-SBR和RT-SIR处理的SMBC明显高于小麦季深耕条件下的DT-NT、DT-SBR和DT-SIR处理,但在20—40 cm土层,SMBC和SMBN均表现为小麦季深耕处理显著高于旋耕处理,且以DT-SIR处理SMBC (67.99 mg/kg) 和SMBN (45.96 mg/kg) 最高。小麦季深耕处理提高了深层 (30—40 cm) 土壤微生物量氮/全氮值,但降低了表层 (0—20 cm) 土壤中的微生物熵。玉米季深松处理 (RT-SBR、RT-SIR、DT-SBR和DT-SIR) 较免耕处理 (RT-NT和DT-NT) 均提高了土壤酶活性,其中,在0—20 cm土层,RT-SBR和RT-SIR处理 土壤脲酶活、蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性较高;而DT-SBR和DT-SIR处理则提高了深层 (20—40 cm) 土壤中这三种酶的活性。
    结论 在本试验期内,小麦季旋耕–玉米季深松处理 (RT-SBR和RT-SIR) 能明显提高0—10 cm土壤速效养分含量、0—20 cm土壤微生物量碳含量,而小麦季深耕–玉米季深松处理 (DT-SBR和DT-SIR) 则提升了20—40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、速效养分、微生物量碳和氮含量;小麦季深耕处理提高了深层 (30—40 cm) 微生物量氮/全氮比,但降低了表层 (0—20 cm) 土壤微生物熵。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The effects of rotation tillage on soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) and enzyme activities were studied in wheat–maize rotation system in fluvo-aquic soil in Huang-Huai Plain, aiming for selection of suitable tillage system.
    Methods Field experiments with split plot design were conducted in 2017 and 2018. The two main treatments were rotary tillage (RT) and deep tillage (DT) in wheat season, three sub-treatments were no-tillage (NT), inter-row subsoiling (SBR) and in-row subsoiling (STR) in maize season, making totally six treatments. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nutrients, SMBC and SMBN, and the activities of urease, invertase and neutral phosphatase in different soil layers were measured.
    Results All the indexes decreased with soil depth in the two years but the indexes were not affected by the tillage modes in 40–50 cm layer. The deep tillage in wheat season and subsoiling in maize season did not significantly increased organic matter and total nitrogen contents in surface layer, but did in deeper layers. Rotary tillage in wheat seson increased available nutrient contents in 0–10 cm layer, while DT-SBR and DT-SIR treatment increased those in 20–40 cm soil layer. In 0–20 cm layer, the SMBC in RT treatments were significantly higher than those in DT ones, but in 20–40 cm layer, both SMBC and SMBN were significant higher in DT treatments than in RT ones, and with the highest SMBC (67.99 mg/kg) and highest SMBN (45.96 mg/kg) in DT-SIR. DT increased the ratio of SMBN/total N in 30–40 cm layer, but decreased the microbial entropy in surface layer (0–20 cm). Subsoiling in maize season brought higher soil enzyme activities than no-tillage did. The soil urease, invertase and neutral phosphatase activities were higher under RT-SBR and RT-SIR in 0–20 cm layer, while they were significantly increased under DT-SBR and DT-SIR in 20–40 cm layer.
    Conclusions  In the fluvo-aquic soil area of Huang-Huai Plain, during the experimental period, rotary tillage in wheat season and subsoiling in maize season could increase available nutrient contents in 0–10 cm layer and microbial biomass carbon in 0–20 cm layer, while deep tillage in wheat season and subsoiling in maize season could increase content of organic matter, total N, available nutrient, microbial biomass carbon in 20–40 cm layer. Deep tillage in wheat season also could improve the ratio of MBSN/total N and decrease the microbial entropy in 0–20 cm layer.

     

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