• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
徐张义, 赵帅翔, 马东立, 张卫峰. 低蛋白饲喂技术对猪粪好氧堆肥腐熟度的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(8): 1536-1545. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19437
引用本文: 徐张义, 赵帅翔, 马东立, 张卫峰. 低蛋白饲喂技术对猪粪好氧堆肥腐熟度的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(8): 1536-1545. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19437
XU Zhang-yi, ZHAO Shuai-xiang, MA Dong-li, ZHANG Wei-feng. Effects of low protein feeding technology on maturity of the pig manure composting[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(8): 1536-1545. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19437
Citation: XU Zhang-yi, ZHAO Shuai-xiang, MA Dong-li, ZHANG Wei-feng. Effects of low protein feeding technology on maturity of the pig manure composting[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(8): 1536-1545. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19437

低蛋白饲喂技术对猪粪好氧堆肥腐熟度的影响

Effects of low protein feeding technology on maturity of the pig manure composting

  • 摘要:
    目的 猪粪由于产生量大、碳氮比低、水分含量高等导致储存处理难度较大,好氧堆肥处理猪粪因原料所提供微生物活动环境较差,导致堆肥效率低下。低蛋白饲喂技术在不影响猪生长发育的同时降低了饲料中的氮投入,可以显著改变猪粪的养分组成。本研究通过多种有机肥腐熟指标判定,分析低蛋白含量日粮饲喂的猪粪通过不同堆肥方式是否可快速有效地达到腐熟,并符合安全施用标准。
    方法 动物试验选取初始体重为60 kg的去势公猪72头,分高、低蛋白饲喂两个处理,每个处理6次重复,每个重复6头猪。试验饲料均适应喂养7天后,开始收集粪便,收粪期为60天。堆肥试验共设4个处理,分别是高蛋白饲喂静态堆肥 (MH)、低蛋白饲喂静态堆肥 (ML)、高蛋白饲喂好氧堆肥 (CH)、低蛋白饲喂好氧堆肥 (CL),堆肥周期为14天。监测了堆肥过程中堆体温度和碳、氮含量等指标,并测定堆肥处理的小白菜种子发芽指数 (GI)。
    结果 以堆肥过程中高温持续时间、堆肥NH4+-N含量、T值 (堆肥结束C/N与堆肥初始C/N的比值) 和GI (小白菜种子发芽指数) 4项为腐熟判断指标,在14天堆肥周期内,高蛋白饲喂产生的猪粪在静态堆肥情况下 (MH),高温持续时间为0天,NH4+-N含量为0.43 g/kg、T值为0.91、GI指数为0,未能达到腐熟标准;高蛋白饲喂产生的猪粪堆肥在好氧堆肥条件下 (CH),高温持续时间为5天,NH4+-N含量为0.33 g/kg、T值为0.70、GI指数为0.31,T值和GI值均未能达到腐熟标准;低蛋白饲喂产生的猪粪,在静态堆肥中 (ML) 高温持续时间为0 天,NH4+-N含量为0.54 g/kg、T值为0.81、GI指数为0.25,均未能达到腐熟标准;而在好氧堆肥 (CL) 中,高温持续时间为6天,NH4+-N含量0.14 g/kg、T值为0.57、GI指数为0.96,均达到腐熟标准。
    结论 高蛋白饲养产生的猪粪在静态和好样发酵条件下堆放14天,都不能完全腐熟。低蛋白饲喂产生的猪粪在静态堆放条件下,堆肥14天也不能达到腐熟标准。而低蛋白饲养产生的猪粪在好样条件下,可以在堆放14天时达到腐熟,因为低蛋白饲喂技术使猪粪碳氮比提高了约15%,高温发酵时长延长了40%,极大提高了猪粪短时间内的腐熟程度。因此,在循环农业中,通过上游低蛋白饲喂技术可促进下游猪粪的快速处理和循环利用。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives It is difficult to store and treat pig manure due to its large production, low C/N and high water content. The aerobic stacking of pig manure results in low stacking efficiency due to the poor microbial activity environment provided by raw materials. The low protein feeding technology can reduce the nitrogen input in the feed without affecting the growth and development of pigs, and can change the nutrient composition of pig manure. This study analyzed whether pig manure produced by low protein diet feed could quickly and effectively reach maturity through different stacking methods and judging various organic manure maturity indexes, which met the safety application standards.
    Methods In animal experiments, 72 castrated boars with an initial weight of 50 kg were selected and divided into high and low protein feeding groups with 6 replicates for each group and 6 pigs for each replicate. The experimental pigs took 7 days to get used to the diets before the dung collection was started, and the whole collection period was 60 days long. The dung produced by both the high and low protein feeding groups were composted under static and aerobic conditions, the four treatments were namely high protein feeding static stacking (MH), low protein feeding static stacking (ML), high protein feeding aerobic stacking (CH), low protein feeding aerobic stacking (CL). The stack temperature, and the carbon and nitrogen contents were monitored during composting.
    Results The duration of high temperature, NH4+-N content, T value (ratio of final to initial C/N) and seed germination index (GI) are generally used as the judging indices of the maturity of composting. In a short period (14 days), the four indices in the composting of pig manure produced by traditional high protein feeding under static composting condition (MH) were 0 d, 0.43 g/kg, 0.91 and 0, respectively, failed to meet the maturity standard. Those of the pig manure compost produced by high protein feeding under aerobic condition were 5 d, 0.33 g/kg, 0.70 and 0.31, and the T value and GI value failed to meet the maturity standard. The four indices of pig manure produced by low protein feeding in static compost (ML) were 0 d, 0.54 g/kg, 0.81, 0.25, and failed to meet the standard of maturity, while in aerobic compost (CL), the four indexes were 6 d, 0.14 g/kg, 0.57, 0.96.
    Conclusions Neither manure produced by high protein feeding pigs under static and aerobic fermentation conditions nor manure produced by low protein feeding pigs under static condition can reach the standard of maturity within 14 days. Only the pig manures produced by low-protein feeding can be decomposed in 14 days under aerobic conditions. Therefore, decreasing protein content in feeding of pigs properly will help the rapid maturity of composting in the downstream of intensive farming.

     

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