• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
侯俊, 徐洲, 张丁月, 朱建强. 增氧型复混肥提高土壤氧化还原电位促进水稻养分吸收[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(8): 1546-1555. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19500
引用本文: 侯俊, 徐洲, 张丁月, 朱建强. 增氧型复混肥提高土壤氧化还原电位促进水稻养分吸收[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(8): 1546-1555. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19500
HOU Jun, XU Zhou, ZHANG Ding-yue, ZHU Jian-qiang. Oxygenated compound fertilizer could effectively increase redox potential of paddy soil and nutrient uptake of rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(8): 1546-1555. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19500
Citation: HOU Jun, XU Zhou, ZHANG Ding-yue, ZHU Jian-qiang. Oxygenated compound fertilizer could effectively increase redox potential of paddy soil and nutrient uptake of rice[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(8): 1546-1555. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.19500

增氧型复混肥提高土壤氧化还原电位促进水稻养分吸收

Oxygenated compound fertilizer could effectively increase redox potential of paddy soil and nutrient uptake of rice

  • 摘要:
    目的  稻田长期淹水所导致的土壤通气性差妨碍水稻的生长。探索增氧型复混肥对改善土壤通气状况的作用,为水稻专用肥研发提供理论依据。
    方法  在复混肥制造过程中,添加特制的粘结剂和3.6%、4.8%、6.1%的过氧化钙制成具有增氧功能的复混肥OCF1、OCF2、OCF3。以Q681 (全两优681) 和EK1 (鄂科1号) 两种常规中稻品种为试材进行盆栽试验。设淹水 (WL)、增氧灌溉 (MBWI) 和分次增施过氧化钙 (FCP) 为对照,一次性基施OCF1、OCF2、OCF3 3个处理,在水稻主要生育期,测定土壤氧化还原电位、无机氮含量和pH,测定水稻叶片光合作用、水稻产量及氮磷钾养分含量。
    结果  增氧措施OCF2和OCF3处理均能不同程度地提高移栽期、分蘖期、齐穗期和乳熟期土壤的氧化还原电位。与WL、MBWI和FCP处理相比,OCF1、OCF2和OCF3处理的土壤在分蘖期和齐穗期保持较高的氧化还原电位,其中以OCF2和OCF3的作用最明显;整个生育期,对照和各处理的土壤pH没有显著差异,与WL处理相比增氧型复混肥还可提高齐穗期土壤过氧化氢酶的活性。所有增氧处理均能够保持或显著提高耕层土壤铵态氮含量,其中OCF2和OCF3表现最明显。与WL处理相比,各增氧处理均不同程度地提高水稻叶片的光合速率,其中OCF3处理增幅最大,提高了11%以上,高于或显著高于增氧灌溉和分次增施过氧化钙处理 (MBWI和FCP)。OCF3处理的有效穗数、千粒重和产量比淹水灌溉WL处理分别提高25%、38%和107%,比MBWI和FCP处理提高29%~58%。
    结论  增氧型复混肥能较长时间提高土壤通气性和土壤的氧化还原电位,有利于水稻对土壤养分的吸收利用。与分次追施过氧化钙和增氧灌溉相比,肥料制作过程中添加过氧化钙制备增氧型复混肥提高水稻土通气性的效果更好,操作更加方便,是提高水稻专用肥效益的有效途径。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives  Poor aeration in paddy soil is one of the main limiting factors for the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.). We tried to prepare oxygenated compound fertilizers to deal with the limitation.
    Methods  Calcium peroxide, used as an oxygenous agent, was amended into a compound fertilizer (4.5–4.5–4.5) in ratio of 3.6% (OCF1), 4.8% (OCF2) and 6.1% (OCF3), and those new fertilizers were named oxygenated compound fertilizers (OCFs). A pot experiment was conducted using two rice cultivars of Q681 and EK1 as tested materials. In the experiment, water logging throughout whole rice growing (WL), irrigation with micro-bubble aerated water (MBWI) and fertilizing calcium peroxide 4 times (FCP) were used as controls, the three compound fertilizers were once basal applied separately. At the main growing stages of rice, soil samples were collected for determination of soil Eh, pH and mineral N content. The photosynthetic efficiency was measured, and the yield and NPK contents of rice were measured at the harvest stage.
    Results  oxygenated treatments OCF2 and OCF3 could increase soil Eh without changing soil pH at the transplanting, tillering, full heading and milky stage. The Eh in the OCF1, OCF2 and OCF3 treatments at tillering stage and full heading stage were significantly higher than those in WL, MBWI and FCP treatments. OCFs also increased the activity of soil catalase at the full heading stage of rice. Compared with WL treatment, all the oxygenation treatments could maintain or improve the ammonium N content in the surface soil, and OCF2 and OCF3 treatments had the best effect. However, all the oxygenation treatments did not significantly increase soil nitrate N content, and OCFs only could keep or slightly increase soil nitrate N content. Compared with WL treatment, the photosynthetic rates in all oxygenation treatmentsof rice leaves were increased at different degrees, among which OCF3 treatment increased the most (> 11%), and significantly higher than that in FCP treatment. In OCF3 treatment, more than 25% higher effective panicle number, 38% higher 1000-grain weight and 107% higher yield were obtained than those in WL treatment, and the rice yield was 29%–58% higher than those in MBWI and FCP treatments. OCF3 treatment had highest yield response among the three OCFs.
    Conclusions  Oxygenation is effective in keeping high soil aeration (Eh values) for long periods. Compared with irrigation with micro-bubble aerated water and applying CaO2 for several times, the application of oxygenated compound fertilizers is more effective and easier to operate, especially when the ratio of added CaO2 reaches 6.1%, which is an alternative way to increase the efficiency of special compound fertilizer for rice.

     

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