叶面喷施锌硒肥对谷子抗氧化酶活性及籽粒锌硒含量的影响

高慧雅; 张爱军; 赵丽

doi:10.11674/zwyf.20062

叶面喷施锌硒肥对谷子抗氧化酶活性及籽粒锌硒含量的影响

Effects of foliar application of zinc and selenium on the antioxidant enzyme activities and zinc and selenium contents in millet grains

摘要

摘要:
目的研究叶面喷施锌、硒肥对谷子叶片抗氧化酶活性以及锌、硒在籽粒积累的影响，为谷子生产中合理施用锌、硒肥以及开发富锌富硒谷子提供参考。
方法在2016—2017年，以冀谷21为试材进行田间小区试验。分别设3个锌水平 (0、2.25、4.50 kg/hm²) 和3个硒水平 (0、30、60 g/hm²)，共组成7个处理分别为对照 (Zn0Se0)、单施低硒 (Zn0Se1)、单施低锌 (Zn1Se0)、低锌低硒 (Zn1Se1)、低锌高硒 (Zn1Se2)、高锌低硒 (Zn2Se1)、高锌高硒 (Zn2Se2)，随机区组排列。分析了谷子叶片中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化物酶 (POD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px) 的活性，籽粒锌硒含量以及谷子产量。
结果喷施锌、硒对叶片SOD、POD和GSH-Px活性影响达到显著或极显著水平。在低锌 (2.25 kg/hm²) 水平下，随着硒肥施用量的提高，SOD与GSH-Px活性均呈现出先升后降的趋势，且在低锌低硒配合处理下酶活性均达到最高。在低硒 (30 g/hm²) 水平下，随着锌肥施用量增加，SOD与GSH-Px活性先升后降。高锌高硒配合不利于叶片抗氧化酶活性的提高。喷施锌、硒对籽粒锌、硒的吸收影响极显著。单施锌、单施硒可显著提高籽粒Zn、Se含量。低Zn水平下，配施低Se提高了籽粒Zn含量，配施高Se则降低Zn含量。低Se水平下，配施Zn可提高籽粒的Se含量，而高Se水平下，提高Zn水平对籽粒Se含量没有显著影响。低锌低硒 (Zn 2.25 kg/hm²、Se 30 g/hm²) 对产量提高效果最好。
结论叶面喷施Zn和Se可以显著提高叶片中的抗氧化酶活性，但是同时喷施Zn和Se，需注意喷施浓度。喷施低锌低硒 (Zn 2.25 kg/hm²、Se 30 g/hm²) 有利于提高谷子叶片抗氧化酶活性、籽粒锌硒含量与产量，Se和Zn有一定的协同效应。喷施高量Zn对Se的吸收没有显著的副作用，但是高锌时再喷施高Se则抑制籽粒Zn的吸收。

Abstract:
Objectives Many researchers have tried to increase the content of zinc and selenium in grains through application of exogenous Zn and Se. We studied the interactions of Zn and Se application on antioxidant enzyme activity and the accumulation of Zn and Se in grains, to provide theoretical support for the production of Zn and Se enriched millet.
Methods Field trials were carried out for two years in 2016 to 2017, with millet cultivar of Jigu 21 as tested materials. Zn levels of 0, 2.25 and 4.50 kg/hm² and Se levels of 0, 30 and 60 g/hm² were used to construct seven treatments. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in millet leaves, the content and uptake of Zn and Se in grains were analyzed, and the yield of millet was weighed.
Results Foliar application of Zn and Se had significant effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the uptake of Zn and Se in grains. At the low level of Zn (2.25 kg/hm²), both the activity of SOD and GSH-Px increased first and then decreased with the increase of Se levels; At the low Se level (30 g/hm²), SOD and GSH-Px activity increased with Zn levels, however, the combination of high Zn and high Se was not conducive to the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity. The highest activity was obtained under combined application of low Zn and low Se. Foliar application of Zn and Se had significant effect on uptake and accumulation of Zn and Se in grain. The single application of Zn and Se significantly increased Zn and Se contents in grains. At low Zn rate, combining application with low Se rate promoted the absorption of Zn, with high Se rate decreased Zn uptake. At low Se rate, increasing Zn rates benefited the uptake of Se, while at high Se rate, increasing Zn rate did not promote the Se uptake. The highest grain yield was obtained at combined application of low Zn and low Se.
Conclusions Foliar application of Zn and Se could significantly increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and the Zn and Se contents in grain. When combined application, the spray concentration of Zn and Se should be considered carefully. At low spray rate (Zn 2.25 kg/hm², Se 30 g/hm²), Zn and Se has synergist to some extent, high rate Zn does not inhibit Se uptake, while high Se rate inhibits Zn uptake.

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