• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王东, 于振文. 不同施氮量下子粒灌浆不同阶段遮光对小麦氮素积累和转移的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14(4): 615-622. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2008.0401
引用本文: 王东, 于振文. 不同施氮量下子粒灌浆不同阶段遮光对小麦氮素积累和转移的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2008, 14(4): 615-622. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2008.0401
WANG Dong, YU Zhen-wen. Effects of shading at different filling stages on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat at different nitrogen rates[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2008, 14(4): 615-622. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2008.0401
Citation: WANG Dong, YU Zhen-wen. Effects of shading at different filling stages on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat at different nitrogen rates[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2008, 14(4): 615-622. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2008.0401

不同施氮量下子粒灌浆不同阶段遮光对小麦氮素积累和转移的影响

Effects of shading at different filling stages on nitrogen accumulation and translocation in wheat at different nitrogen rates

  • 摘要: 在田间高产条件下,设置每公顷施氮(N)0(N0)、168(N1)和276(N2)kg 3个氮素水平,每个氮素水平下设置不遮光和灌浆前期(开花后1~12 d)、中期(开花后13~24 d)、后期(开花后25~36 d)遮光4个处理,研究不同施氮量下子粒灌浆不同阶段遮光对小麦氮素积累和转移的影响。结果表明,灌浆前期遮光,各施氮处理的旗叶硝酸还原酶活性和内肽酶活性显著降低;恢复照光后,N0和N1处理旗叶硝酸还原酶活性与不遮光的处理无显著差异。N2处理硝酸还原酶活性显著低于不遮光的处理,其内肽酶活性在灌浆中期显著升高,有利于旗叶蛋白质的降解,营养器官氮素转移量和转移效率提高;但花后吸氮量、子粒产量和蛋白质产量均降低,且显著低于N1处理。灌浆中期遮光,各施氮处理的旗叶硝酸还原酶活性和内肽酶活性亦显著降低;恢复照光后,各施氮处理旗叶内肽酶活性均显著高于不遮光的处理,N2处理显著高于N1处理。灌浆后期遮光,各施氮处理旗叶硝酸还原酶活性显著降低;N0和N1处理内肽酶活性降低。N2处理的内肽酶活性显著高于不遮光的处理,其营养器官氮素转移量、转移效率及转移氮素对子粒氮的贡献率显著高于N1处理;旗叶硝酸还原酶活性、花后吸氮量和子粒蛋白质产量与N1处理无显著差异。不同遮光阶段比较,各施氮处理营养器官氮素转移量、转移效率及转移氮素对子粒氮的贡献率,均以灌浆前期遮光的最高,灌浆中期遮光的次之,灌浆后期遮光的最低;花后吸氮量、子粒产量和蛋白质产量以灌浆后期遮光的最高,灌浆中期遮光的次之,灌浆前期遮光的最低。

     

    Abstract: Effects of shading at different filling stages on nitrogen (N) accumulation and translocation in wheat at different N rates was studied in the field experiments, which were carried out on high fertility soil with organic matter 12.94 g/kg, total N 0.78 g/kg, alkali-hydrolysable N 84 mg/kg, available P 11.84 mg/kg and available K 83 mg/kg in Zhongcun village, Longkou city, Shandong province, China, using the cultivar “Jimai 20” that has high yield and strong gluten potential. Three N fertilizer rates were used: 0, 168 and 276 kg/ha. Four shading treatments were designed: NS (no shading), SE (shading at early filling stage, from 1 day after anthesis to 12 days after anthesis), SM (shading at middle filling stage, from 13 days after anthesis to 24 days after anthesis ), and SL (shading at later filling stage, from 25 days after anthesis to 36 days after anthesis). The shading environment was created by using black polypropylene fabric with 40% light penetration. Each treatment had three replicates, and the plot area was 3 m×8 m. The seedling density was 150 plant/m2. The results indicated that the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and endopeptidase (EP) in flag leaves decreased during shading at early filling stage, but after shading, the NR activities of 0 kg ha treatment (N0) and 168 kg/ha treatment (N1) were not significantly different from no shading condition, the NR activity of 276 kg/hm2 treatment (N2) was lower significantly than no shading condition. The EP activities of N2 increased, which improved protein degradation. N translocation accelerated at middle filling stage, so the amount of N transferred from vegetative organs and N translocation efficiency increased. However, the nitrogen assimilation amount after anthesis and kernel yield and protein yield of N2 were lower significantly than that of N1. Shading and after shading at middle filling stage decreased the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and endopeptidase (EP) in flag leaves, and increased the EP activities of all N treatments compared with no shading condition, and the EP activities of N2 were higher significantly than that of N1.Shading at later filling stage decreased the NR activities of all N treatments, the EP activities of N0 and N1, but increased the EP activity of N2, as compared with no shading condition. In comparison with N1, the amount of N transferred from vegetative organs, N translocation efficiency and the contribution proportion for kernel N increased in N2, but the NR activity and N assimilation amount after anthesis and protein yield did not change significantly. The amount of N transferred from vegetative organs, N translocation efficiency and the contribution proportion for kernel N were the highest under shading at early filling stage, and the lowest under shading at later filling stage. The N assimilation amount after anthesis, kernel yield and protein yield were the highest under shading at later filling stage, and the lowest under shading at early filling stage, whether 0, 168 or 276 kg/ha N was supplied.

     

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