• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
高鸣慧, 李娜, 彭靖, 陈坤, 高天一, 韩晓日. 秸秆和生物炭还田对棕壤团聚体分布及有机碳含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 1978-1986. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20104
引用本文: 高鸣慧, 李娜, 彭靖, 陈坤, 高天一, 韩晓日. 秸秆和生物炭还田对棕壤团聚体分布及有机碳含量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(11): 1978-1986. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20104
GAO Ming-hui, LI Na, PENG Jing, CHEN Kun, GAO Tian-yi, HAN Xiao-ri. Effects of straw and biochar returning on soil aggregates distribution and organic carbon content in brown soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(11): 1978-1986. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20104
Citation: GAO Ming-hui, LI Na, PENG Jing, CHEN Kun, GAO Tian-yi, HAN Xiao-ri. Effects of straw and biochar returning on soil aggregates distribution and organic carbon content in brown soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(11): 1978-1986. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20104

秸秆和生物炭还田对棕壤团聚体分布及有机碳含量的影响

Effects of straw and biochar returning on soil aggregates distribution and organic carbon content in brown soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 比较长期秸秆和生物炭还田后土壤团聚体的变化与差异,旨在探索棕壤适宜的改良方法。
    方法 在辽宁沈阳棕壤上连续进行了6年的田间定位微区试验,种植制度为玉米连作,试验共设6个处理:不施肥 (CK)、单施氮磷钾 (NPK)、单施生物炭 (B)、生物炭与氮磷钾配施 (BNPK)、单施秸秆 (S)、秸秆与氮磷钾配施 (SNPK)。在玉米收获后,采集0—20和20—40 cm两土层土壤样品,采用Yoder湿筛法进行了团聚体分级和测定。
    结果 与NPK相比,BNPK和SNPK处理显著提高了0—20和20—40 cm土层 > 1 mm、1~0.5 mm和 0.25~0.5 mm粒级团聚体含量占比,降低了0.25~0.053 mm粒级团聚体含量占比,SNPK处理提高大团聚体含量占比的效果显著高于BNPK。与NPK处理相比,BNPK和SNPK处理显著增加了团聚体平均重量直径 (MWD)、几何平均直径 (GMD) 和0.25 mm粒级团聚体含量 (R0.25),即增加了团聚体的稳定性,SNPK处理的团聚体MWD和GMD值又显著高于BNPK,R0.25值两处理间无显著差异 (0—20 cm土层)。随团聚体粒级减小,不同粒级团聚体有机碳含量随之减少,以 > 1 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量最高。与CK相比,各施肥处理均增加了各粒级团聚体有机碳含量,BNPK处理对0—20 cm土层0.25~0.053 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量影响最显著,有机碳含量增加了44.57%。
    结论 长期秸秆和生物炭还田能够改变土壤团聚体的分布,有利于大团聚体的形成和土壤结构改善,可提高土壤团聚体有机碳含量和团聚体稳定性,增加作物产量;秸秆直接还田提高团聚体稳定性的效果优于生物炭还田,生物炭还田提高团聚体有机碳的效果方面优于秸秆直接还田。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The influence characteristics of straw returning and biochar application on different sizes of soil aggregate contents is closely related with their efficiencies in soil fertility improvement. The study aimed to clarify their differences and find suitable ways for the improvement of brown soil fertility.
    Methods A field microplot experiment was conducted for six years under continuous single corn production in brown soil of Shenyang City, Liaoning Province. The experiment had six treatments, including: no fertilizer control (CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), biochar application alone (B), biochar with chemical fertilizer application (BNPK), straw application alone (S) and straw with chemical fertilizer application (SNPK). After harvest each year, soil samples of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm layers were collected, and soil aggregates were classified and the contents were determined using the method of Yoder.
    Results Compared with NPK treatment, BNPK and SNPK treatments significantly increased the percentages of aggregate in size of > 1 mm, 1–0.5 mm and 0.25–0.5 mm in both 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers, decreased the percentage of aggregates of 0.25–0.053 mm, the increase effect of SNPK treatment was significantly higher than that of BNPK. Compared with NPK treatment, both BNPK and SNPK treatments increased MWD, GMD and R0.25 significantly, the increase effects in MWD and GMD of SNPK were significantly higher than those of BNPK, those in R0.25 of BNPK and SNPK treatments were not significantly different. The organic C contents decreased with the decrescent aggregate sizes, > 1 mm soil aggregate had the highest organic C content. Compared with CK, the five treatments increased the soil organic carbon contents in all sizes of aggregates. The BNPK treatment had the most significant impact on the organic carbon content of 0.25–0.053 mm aggregate in 0–20 cm soil layer, which was increased by 44.57%.
    Conclusions Long-term straw and biochar application could change the distribution of soil aggregates, promote the formation of macro-aggregate, improve soil structure, improve the content of soil organic carbon and the stability of soil aggregates and crop yield. The influence of straw retuning is better than biochar application in increasing soil aggregates stability, while biochar application performs better in increasing the organic carbon contents in the aggregates, especially in 0.25–0.053 mm size.

     

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