Abstract: Fe is essential for plant growth. However, plants show severe iron deficiency due to low availability of Fe in soils, which affects the yield and quality of crops and ultimately affects human nutrition. Therefore, it is the hot research area to improve human nutritional status through biofortification. This review covers the research progress on the molecular mechanism of Fe uptake and translocation in plants and deposition in seeds in the past five years, and includes new discovery of combination of reduction and chelation strategies of iron uptake in Rice and the importance of YSL family in the three biological processes in plants. Furthermore, the technical ways of iron nutrition improvement and iron enrichment in seeds by genetic engineering and agronomic measures based on the studies on molecular mechanism of iron uptake and translocation in plants are discussed.