• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
程林, 章力干, 张国漪, 齐永波, 郜红建, 疏晴, 张富源, 朱荣, 蒋东. 氨基酸增值尿素对水稻苗期生长及根际微生物菌群的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 35-44. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20113
引用本文: 程林, 章力干, 张国漪, 齐永波, 郜红建, 疏晴, 张富源, 朱荣, 蒋东. 氨基酸增值尿素对水稻苗期生长及根际微生物菌群的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(1): 35-44. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20113
CHENG Lin, ZHANG Li-gan, ZHANG Guo-yi, QI Yong-bo, GAO Hong-jian, SHU Qing, ZHANG Fu-yuan, ZHU Rong, JIANG Dong. Effects of urea containing amino acid on rice seedling growthand rhizosphere microbial community[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 35-44. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20113
Citation: CHENG Lin, ZHANG Li-gan, ZHANG Guo-yi, QI Yong-bo, GAO Hong-jian, SHU Qing, ZHANG Fu-yuan, ZHU Rong, JIANG Dong. Effects of urea containing amino acid on rice seedling growthand rhizosphere microbial community[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(1): 35-44. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20113

氨基酸增值尿素对水稻苗期生长及根际微生物菌群的影响

Effects of urea containing amino acid on rice seedling growthand rhizosphere microbial community

  • 摘要:
    目的  研究氨基酸增值尿素 (AU) 对不同稻作水稻生长、根际养分与微生物群落的影响机制,以期为水稻早期水氮合理调控及氨基酸增值尿素合理施用提供依据。
    方法  以‘两优华6’水稻和氨基酸增值尿素 (AU) 为试材,开展了水作/旱作盆栽试验。试验共设旱作不施尿素 (GCK)、旱作施普通尿素 (GU)、旱作施氨基酸增值尿素 (GAU)、水作不施尿素 (SCK)、水作施普通尿素 (SU)、水作施氨基酸增值尿素 (SAU) 6个处理,除对照外,其余处理氮磷钾施用量相同。水稻生长30天后,采集水稻植株和根际土壤样品,分析水稻根系生物学性状和根系形态学特征,测定根际土壤养分状况和微生物菌群结构。
    结果  氨基酸增值尿素 (AU) 较普通尿素 (U) 促进了根系生长,旱作和水作根系鲜重分别增加9.65%和7.56%;旱作模式下,GAU较GU水稻根长、根直径、根表面积和根尖数分别提高45.06%、25.93%、6.17%和90.52%,水作模式下,SAU较SU处理上述各指标同样有所提高,但增幅有所降低;施氮量相同条件下,旱作水稻根长、根直径、根表面积和根尖数均明显低于水作,其中GU较SU处理的根长、根直径、根表面积和根尖数分别降低了26.20%、15.63%、2.52%和13.95%,GAU较SAU处理的根长、根直径、根表面积和根尖数分别降低6.00%、6.42%、5.49%和13.28%,降幅明显减小。旱作GAU较GU处理根际有机碳、全氮和微生物氮含量分别增加了17.04%、18.18%和30.00%,水作SAU较SU处理根际铵态氮和微生物氮分别增加了39.70%、38.01%,而硝态氮下降幅度达 33.70%。旱作和水作条件下,氨基酸增值尿素、普通尿素处理的细菌总数分别为1.88 × 107、1.59 × 107 cfu/g和1.93 × 107、1.57 × 107 cfu/g,分别增加18.23%和22.93% (P < 0.05),氨化细菌数量分别为1.62 × 107、8.14 × 106 cfu/g和2.26 × 107、8.46 × 106 cfu/g,硝化细菌数量分别为1.96 × 103、1.13 × 103 cfu/g和1.64 × 103、1.08 × 103 cfu/g,增加幅度在0.52~1.67倍。旱作优势种群为鞘氨醇单胞菌属 (Sphingomonas),相对丰度为18.78%~22.59%;水作则以气单胞菌属 (Aeromonas) 和黄杆菌属 (Flavobacterium) 为优势种群,相对丰度分别为43.09%~52.72%和14.86%~18.87%。与普通尿素处理相比,SAU处理根际土壤Aeromonas和旱作根际土壤Sphingomonas显著降低,而GAU处理uncultured_bacterium_c_Subgroup_6显著增加;土壤全氮、铵态氮和有机碳含量与微生物群落结构显著相关。
    结论  与普通尿素相比,氨基酸增值尿素可显著促进水稻生育早期根系生长和根系形态建成,增加根际生物量碳、氮,降低水作根际硝态氮含量,增加铵态氮含量,增加根际细菌总量,提升根际细菌群落多样性,有利于水稻氮素吸收。在旱作条件下,氨基酸增值尿素促进水稻根系生长发育和土壤细菌数量的效果优于水作条件下。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives  The effects of urea containing amino acid (AU) on rice growth, rhizosphere nutrients, and microbial community were studied under flooding and normal soil conditions to provide base for its application in early rice cultivation.
    Methods  An early rice cultivar ‘Liangyouhua 6’ was cultivated in a pot experiment. The treatments were two different urea types (common urea, U and urea containing amino acid, AU) with the same N input levels separately applied as the basal nitrogen fertilizers under two different soil conditions (dry and flooding), while non-application of either urea (no N) under both soil conditions was regarded as controls. The soil and rice plants samples were collected in all the treatments after the rice seedlings grew for 30 days. The growth and root morphological characteristics of rice, soil nutrient contents, and soil microbial community composition were analyzed.
    Results  AU promoted root growth, increased root fresh weight, root length, root diameter, root surface area, and number of root tips by 9.65%, 45.06%, 25.93%, 6.17%, and 90.52%, respectively, compared with common urea (U) under dry soil condition. AU also increased these aforementioned root characteristics more than U and control under flooding, but less than the increase recorded under dry condition. The root length, root diameter, root surface area, and number of root tips of rice seedlings under the two urea treatments in dry soil were significantly lower than those under flooding condition. Compared with U, AU increased organic carbon, total N, and microbial biomass N in dry soil by 17.04%, 18.18%, and 30.00%, respectively. In flooded soil, AU increased ammonium N and microbial biomass N by 39.70% and 38.01%, respectively, but decreased nitrate N by 33.70%. AU increased the total number of bacteria in both dry and flooded soils (1.88 × 107 cfu/g and 1.93 × 107 cfu/g) than U (1.59 × 107 cfu/g and 1.57 × 107 cfu/g). AU increased the number of ammoniating bacteria and nitrifying bacteria in both flooded and dry soils than U and control. However, the number of ammoniating bacteria under AU treatment was higher in flooded soil than dry soil, whereas number of nitrifying bacteria under AU treatment was lower in flooded soil compared with dry soil. The dominant bacteria in dry soil was Sphingomonas (with relative abundance of 18.78%–22.59%), whereas Aeromonas (43.09%–52.72%) and Flavobacterium (14.86%–18.87%) were dominant in flooding condition. Compared with U treatment, the abundances of Aeromonas and Sphingomonas in AU treatment decreased significantly while uncultured_bacterium_c_Subgroup_6 increased significantly. The total N, ammonium N, and organic carbon contents were significantly correlated with microbial community structure.
    Conclusions  Urea containing amino acid shows higher significance in promoting the growth, formation, and development of rice root through increase in organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in the rhizosphere, reduction in nitrate nitrogen, and increase ammonium nitrogen content under flooding condition. Increase in bacteria population improves the structure of rice rhizosphere colony which is beneficial for nitrogen absorption by rice and maintenance of soil nitrogen.

     

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