• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
王启震, 常会庆, 吴杰, 徐晓峰. 施用高量堆肥污泥提高小麦–玉米轮作模式下酸性水稻土pH和碳组分活性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(2): 253-262. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20183
引用本文: 王启震, 常会庆, 吴杰, 徐晓峰. 施用高量堆肥污泥提高小麦–玉米轮作模式下酸性水稻土pH和碳组分活性[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(2): 253-262. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20183
WANG Qi-zhen, CHANG Hui-qing, WU Jie, XU Xiao-feng. Application of large amount of composting sludge to increase pH and active carbon fractions of acid paddy soil under wheat-maize rotation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(2): 253-262. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20183
Citation: WANG Qi-zhen, CHANG Hui-qing, WU Jie, XU Xiao-feng. Application of large amount of composting sludge to increase pH and active carbon fractions of acid paddy soil under wheat-maize rotation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(2): 253-262. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20183

施用高量堆肥污泥提高小麦–玉米轮作模式下酸性水稻土pH和碳组分活性

Application of large amount of composting sludge to increase pH and active carbon fractions of acid paddy soil under wheat-maize rotation

  • 摘要:
    目的 污泥堆肥农用是污泥资源化的主要途径,明确不同用量堆肥污泥对旱作条件下酸性水稻土有机、无机碳组分及pH的影响,可为堆肥污泥的农用提供科学依据。
    方法 以酸性水稻土为供试土壤,连续进行了2年小麦–玉米轮作盆栽试验。参照GB4284—2018农用污泥施用标准,设置0 (CK)、3.75、7.50、37.50和75.00 t/hm2共5个污泥施用量处理,每年10月份种植冬小麦前称取相应量污泥,与盆栽土壤均匀混合后装盆,连续种植冬小麦和夏玉米两季作物。分别在小麦、玉米收获后采集耕层土壤,分析水稻土中有机、无机碳组分和pH,以及上述参数之间存在的相关关系。
    结果 供试污泥堆肥用量处理下,土壤pH随污泥施用量的增加而升高,污泥用量35.70 t/hm2处理的4个生长季土壤pH较CK分别显著升高了0.21、0.51、0.40和0.70个单位 (P < 0.05)。污泥堆肥农用提高了酸性水稻土中有机碳 (SOC)、易氧化有机碳 (ROC)、可溶性有机碳 (DOC) 和腐殖质碳 (HSC) 含量,同时也提高了碳酸钙 (CC) 和活性碳酸钙 (ACC) 含量,且增加幅度随污泥施用量的增加而上升。污泥用量为75.00 t/hm2时,土壤各有机碳组分和无机碳组分均显著高于CK (P < 0.05);污泥施用量 ≥ 7.50 t/hm2时,土壤ROC、DOC含量均显著高于CK (P < 0.05);污泥用量 ≥ 3.75 t/hm2时,土壤碳酸钙含量均显著高于CK (P < 0.05)。碳库管理指数在污泥施用量 ≥ 7.50 t/hm2时显著增加 (P < 0.05)。碳酸钙含量和pH在酸性水稻土上呈显著正相关关系 (P < 0.05);有机碳和无机碳含量之间也呈显著正相关关系 (P < 0.05)。
    结论 施用37.50~75.00 t/hm2生活堆肥污泥可在短期甚至当季显著增加旱作酸性水稻土中有机和无机碳总量和活性有机碳含量,提高土壤pH,是改善旱作酸性水稻土质量的有效手段。综合之前对堆肥污泥农用重金属积累、微生物多样性及养分淋失风险的研究,长期施用堆肥污泥对土壤环境的影响尚需进一步研究。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives Agricultural use of compost sludge is the main way of sludge recycling. The rich organic matter in composted sludge has different effects on soil carbon components and pH. However, it is unclear whether different amounts of composted sludge affect the organic-inorganic carbon of acidic paddy soil under dry farming conditions.
    Methods A 2-year wheat-maize successive pot experiment was conducted with five sludge application rates 0 (CK), 3.75, 7.50, 37.50, 75.00 t/hm2 with three replicates according to GB4284–2018 agricultural sludge application standard. Before planting winter wheat in October each year, each pot was filled with the corresponding weight of sludge and soil. In June and October of each year, the topsoil samples were collected after wheat and maize harvest, and the effects of different sludge application rates on organic, inorganic carbon components and pH of acid paddy soil were analyzed.
    Results The pH of the paddy soil under 37.50 t/hm2 sludge dosage was 0.21, 0.51, 0.40 and 0.70 units higher than that of CK in the four successive growing seasons. Application of composted sludge increased the soil organic carbon (SOC), readily oxidizable carbon (ROC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), humus carbon (HSC), calcium carbonate (CC) and activated calcium carbonate (ACC) content with increase in sludge application rate. The SOC, DOC, ROC, HSC, CC, and ACC under sludge dosage of 75.00 t/hm2 was significantly higher than those under CK. The ROC and DOC contents under sludge application of ≥ 7.50 t/hm2 were significantly higher than those of CK. The soil CC content under the sludge application of ≥ 3.75 t/hm2 was significantly higher than that under CK. The sludge application rate of ≥ 7.50 t/hm2 significantly increased carbon pool management index of different crop growth seasons. CC content was positively correlated with soil pH in acid paddy soil. Organic carbon and inorganic carbon also showed a positive correlation.
    Conclusions Application of 37.50–75.00 t/hm2 of composted sludge could increase the active soil organic and inorganic carbon contents, increase the pH of acidic paddy soil significantly under dry farming.

     

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