• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
裴雪霞, 党建友, 张定一, 张晶, 程麦凤, 王姣爱. 化肥减施下有机替代对小麦产量和养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10): 1768-1781. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20197
引用本文: 裴雪霞, 党建友, 张定一, 张晶, 程麦凤, 王姣爱. 化肥减施下有机替代对小麦产量和养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(10): 1768-1781. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20197
PEI Xue-xia, DANG Jian-you, ZHANG Ding-yi, ZHANG Jing, CHENG Mai-feng, WANG Jiao-ai. Effects of organic substitution on the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of wheat under chemical fertilizer reduction[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(10): 1768-1781. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20197
Citation: PEI Xue-xia, DANG Jian-you, ZHANG Ding-yi, ZHANG Jing, CHENG Mai-feng, WANG Jiao-ai. Effects of organic substitution on the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of wheat under chemical fertilizer reduction[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(10): 1768-1781. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.20197

化肥减施下有机替代对小麦产量和养分吸收利用的影响

Effects of organic substitution on the yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of wheat under chemical fertilizer reduction

  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨化肥减施和氮肥有机替代对小麦产量、养分积累、运转和吸收利用的影响,为国家化肥零增长战略提供理论依据。
    方法 于2017—2019年,定位研究了常规施肥 (CF)、等氮量有机替代 (有机替代30%N, CF+M)、化肥减施 (N、P2O5、K2O分别减施25%、30%和16.7%,CFR)、减施替代 (有机替代30%N,CFR+M) 和单施有机肥 (M) 对小麦产量及其构成、生物量、不同生育期植株氮磷钾积累量、花前植株养分运转及花后养分积累、养分吸收利用的影响。
    结果 与CF相比,CFR和CF+M处理小麦产量、成穗数和穗粒数均没有显著变化,千粒重有增加趋势;CFR提高了小麦拔节—开花阶段氮、磷、钾吸收量及其比例,CF+M与CF处理间各生育阶段尤其是拔节期后吸氮、钾量差异均不显著,而CFR处理开花—成熟期的氮磷吸收量显著降低,CF+M处理降低了花前茎叶氮运转量及花后氮磷积累量,CF+M、CFR和CF 3个处理间氮积累量差异不显著;CF+M提高了花前茎叶氮磷运转量对籽粒氮磷贡献率及花后氮积累量对籽粒氮的贡献率。籽粒氮素积累与各生育阶段氮素积累量、花前期茎叶氮素运转量及花后氮素积累量间呈显著或极显著正相关,籽粒磷素积累量仅与花后磷素积累量显著正相关,籽粒钾素积累量与返青—拔节阶段钾素积累量显著正相关,与花前颖壳+穗轴钾素运转量显著负相关。CFR和CF+M较CF提高了氮吸收、利用效率和氮肥偏生产力,CF+M较CF提高了钾素利用效率,降低了钾素吸收和钾素偏生产力。
    结论 本试验的两年间,不同程度地减少氮磷钾化肥投入量,或不减少总氮量投入 (以30%有机氮替代化肥氮) 有利于花前期营养器官积累的养分向籽粒运转及籽粒对氮养分的吸收利用,都可以维持小麦产量。在减施氮肥量25%的前提下,用30%或者100%的鸡粪替代化肥则降低小麦各生育期干物质和氮磷钾养分的积累和运转,最终降低小麦的产量。因此,进行有机替代需要进一步研究适宜的氮肥减施比例。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The yield and nutrient effects of simultaneous chemical fertilizer reduction and manure substitution were studied, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the national zero growth strategy of chemical fertilizer.
    Methods A localized field experiment was conducted for two consecutively wheat seasons during 2017–2019 in Shanxi Province. The conventional fertilization rate was used as control (CF), reducing 25% N, 30% P2O5 and 16.7% K2O as fertilizer reduction treatment (CFR), organic substitution treatments were designed as conventional fertilizer one (CF+M, 30% N substituted by chicken manure) and reduced fertilizer one (CFR+M, 30% N substituted by chicken manure), and complete chicken manure in reduced N input level (M) was setup at the same time. Wheat yield and its components, biomass, wheat plant dry matter and N, P, K accumulation at different growth stages were investigated.
    Results The yield components were not significantly affected by the fertilization treatments on average. Compared with CF, the yields in treatments CFR and CF+M were not significantly different, but those in treatments of CFR+M and M were significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in N and K absorption between CF+M and CF in each growth stage, especially after jointing stage. Compared with CF, CFR and CF+M decreased N, P translocation of stem and leaf before anthesis and N, P accumulation after anthesis, but there was no significant difference among the three treatments. Compared with CF, CF+M increased contribution proportion of N, P translocation of stem and leaf before anthesis and N, P accumulation after anthesis to grain. There was a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between grain N accumulation and N accumulation at different growth stages, N translocation from stem and leaf before anthesis and N accumulation after anthesis. P accumulation in grains only had significant positive correlation with P accumulation after anthesis. The accumulation of K in grains had significant positive correlation with the accumulation of K between re-greening stage and jointing stage, and a significant negative correlation with the accumulation and the translocation of K in spikelet and rachis before anthesis. Compared with CF, CFR and CF+M improved the absorption efficiency, utilization efficiency and production efficiency of N, P, utilization efficiency of K, and reduced the absorption efficiency and partial factor productivity of K.
    Conclusions Duringthe experiment years, the reduction of chemical fertilizer or replacing 30% of N with chicken manure without reducing the total fertilizer input has not show adverse impaction on wheat yield and nutrient efficiency. While replacing 30% or 100% of N with chicken manure under reduced fertilizer input has showed significant decrease effect on wheat yield, in spite of the increased nutrient transport and use efficiencies. The proper reduction ratio of nitrogen fertilizer that used in organic replacement needs further study in a long run in Shanxi Province.

     

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