• ISSN 1008-505X
  • CN 11-3996/S
陈检锋, 梁海, 王伟, 陈华, 尹梅, 王志远, 刘俊, 陈军, 高嵩涓, 曹卫东, 付利波. 玉米–绿肥轮作体系下光叶紫花苕的氮肥替代和土壤肥力提升效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(9): 1571-1580. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021068
引用本文: 陈检锋, 梁海, 王伟, 陈华, 尹梅, 王志远, 刘俊, 陈军, 高嵩涓, 曹卫东, 付利波. 玉米–绿肥轮作体系下光叶紫花苕的氮肥替代和土壤肥力提升效应[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(9): 1571-1580. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021068
CHEN Jian-feng, LIANG Hai, WANG Wei, CHEN Hua, YIN Mei, WANG Zhi-yuan, LIU Jun, CHEN Jun, GAO Song-juan, CAO Wei-dong, FU Li-bo. Effects of smooth vetch (Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens) incorporation on nitrogen fertilizer replacement and soil fertility improvement in a maize-green manure rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(9): 1571-1580. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021068
Citation: CHEN Jian-feng, LIANG Hai, WANG Wei, CHEN Hua, YIN Mei, WANG Zhi-yuan, LIU Jun, CHEN Jun, GAO Song-juan, CAO Wei-dong, FU Li-bo. Effects of smooth vetch (Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens) incorporation on nitrogen fertilizer replacement and soil fertility improvement in a maize-green manure rotation system[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2021, 27(9): 1571-1580. DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2021068

玉米–绿肥轮作体系下光叶紫花苕的氮肥替代和土壤肥力提升效应

Effects of smooth vetch (Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens) incorporation on nitrogen fertilizer replacement and soil fertility improvement in a maize-green manure rotation system

  • 摘要:
    目的 研究光叶紫花苕 (Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens)不同 翻压量对玉米生长及土壤性状的影响,明确绿肥的养分供应潜力,为玉米–绿肥轮作系统中的化肥减施提供科学依据。
    方法 于2018和2019年在云南省嵩明县开展玉米 (黑糯1号) 田间试验,共设5个处理:冬闲 (CK);不施氮肥但翻压绿肥光叶紫花苕15000 kg/hm2 (G1)、30000 kg/hm2 (G2)、45000 kg/hm2 (G3);冬闲+常规氮肥N 270 kg/hm2 (FN)。光叶紫花苕冬季种植,在玉米播种前翻压。在玉米收获期,测定玉米地上部氮、磷、钾含量和积累量,测定产量和产量构成因素,同时测定土壤全量和速效氮磷钾含量、pH和有机质含量。
    结果 2018年各绿肥处理G1、G2、G3的玉米产量分别相当于FN处理的78.14%、88.88%及92.86%,2019年G1、G2、G3处理的产量水平相当于FN处理的98.92%、104.22%和113.91%,相较第一年,次年各绿肥处理产量水平有较大幅度增长;2018和2019年各绿肥处理株高、穗位高、秃穗长及单穗重等相较于FN多无显著差异;2018年FN处理籽粒氮含量显著高于其他各处理,秸秆氮含量显著高于CK和G1处理。2019年G3处理地上部氮积累量比FN、G1处理分别显著提高42.02%、33.91%。2018年玉米FN处理地上部磷积累量显著高于CK和G1处理,钾积累量各施肥处理间无显著差异。2019年,4个施肥处理间磷积累量无显著差异,3个绿肥处理的钾积累量均显著高于FN处理;2018年各处理土壤养分含量无显著差异,2019年随绿肥翻压量的增加土壤碱解氮、速效钾、全氮及有机质含量等显著增加,即土壤培肥效果随绿肥应用年限增加有所提升;聚合增强树分析表明,土壤全氮及单穗重对玉米产量的贡献率最大,均为20.89%。
    结论 无需施用氮肥,第一年翻压高量光叶紫花苕,第二年翻压常量光叶紫花苕即可为玉米提供与常量氮肥相当的氮素养分,获得相近甚至更高的玉米产量。连续两年翻压绿肥后,土壤速效及全量氮、钾及有机质含量均有显著的提升效果。

     

    Abstract:
    Objectives The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of smooth vetch (Vicia villosa Roth var. glabrescens) turnover amount on maize growth and soil properties in a maize-green manure rotation system. The aim was to provide theoretical support for the chemical fertilizer reduction potential of smooth vetch.
    Methods The field trials were conducted in Songming County, Yunnan Province in 2018 and 2019, with the maize (Heinuo No.1) as test material. The experiment included five treatments: winter fallow (CK), incorporation of smooth vetch at 15000 kg/hm2 (G1), 30000 kg/hm2 (G2), 45000 kg/hm2 (G3), and winter fallow with chemical fertilizer application N 270 kg/hm2 (FN). The smooth vetch was planted during winter season and returned to field before maize cultivation. NPK content and accumulation in the aboveground part of maize, yield and yield components were examined at harvest, including soil total and available N, P, and K and organic matter content. The soil pH was measured as well.
    Results The maize yields of treatments G1, G2, and G3 were equivalent to 78.14%, 88.88%, and 92.86% of treatment FN in 2018, and 98.92%, 104.22%, and 113.91% of treatment FN in 2019. However, the plant height, ear height, bald ear length, and single ear weight were not significantly different (P>0.05) among all the treatments. The grain N content of the FN treatment was (P<0.05) higher than other treatments, and the N content of its straw was significantly higher than that of CK and G1 treatments. In 2019, the N accumulation in the shoots of G3 treatment was (P<0.05) higher than those of FN and G1 treatments, which were 42.03% and 33.91%, respectively. In 2018, corn P accumulation in the FN treatment was significantly higher than those of CK and G1 treatments, with no difference in K accumulation among the treatments. Except for CK, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in P accumulation among the four treatments in 2019. The three green manure treatments accumulated more K than the FN treatment. There was no difference in soil nutrients among the treatments in 2018. In 2019. soil available N, available K, total N, and organic matter content increased significantly, enhancing soil fertility as the green manure application increased. The aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis indicated that soil total N and single ear weight contributed the most to maize yield, both accounting for 20.89%.
    Conclusions The incorporation of smooth vetch at a high rate in the first year (45000 kg/hm2) and moderate rate (30000 kg/hm2) in the second year relegates the need for N fertilizer in maize production. Smooth vetch incorporation at the above rates could provide similar or even higher N nutrition for maize to produce higher yields. After two years of incorporating smooth vetch, the soil total and available N and K and organic matter contents increased.

     

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